A lithium-ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode allows a lithium ion to be inserted into and extracted from the positive electrode. The negative electrode allows the lithium ion to be inserted into and extracted from the negative electrode, and includes a negative electrode active material layer. The electrolytic solution includes an aqueous solvent. The negative electrode active material layer includes negative electrode active material particles and has a porous structure in which the negative electrode active material particles are directly joined to each other. The negative electrode active material particles each include titanium oxide of an anatase type. An average particle size of the negative electrode active material particles is less than or equal to 100 nm.

A plate-shaped lithium composite oxide is used as a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery. The plate-shaped lithium composite oxide is composed of a plurality of bound primary particles. The plurality of bound primary particles are respectively constituted by a lithium composite oxide having a layered rock-salt structure. An average number of the primary particles disposed in a thickness direction perpendicular to a plate face is less than or equal to 6.

An electrode includes a porous metallic substrate and a conductive electrode material disposed on the porous metallic substrate. The conductive electrode material includes an active material comprising an alkali metal compound providing an alkali metal ion for an electrochemical reaction and a conductive agent comprising cobalt oxyhydroxide. This electrode may be used in the construction of electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries, capacitors, and sensor.

A storage element for a solid-electrolyte battery is provided, having a main body which is composed of a porous matrix of sintered ceramic particles, and also having a redox system which is composed of a first metal and/or at least one oxide of the first metal, wherein a basic composition of the storage element comprises at least one further oxide from the group comprising Y2O3, MgO, Gd2O3, WO3, ZnO, MnO which is suitable for forming an oxidic mixed phase with the first metal and/or the at least one oxide of the first metal.

A storage element for a solid electrolyte battery is provided, having a main member including a porous ceramic matrix in which particles that are made of a first metal and/or a metal oxide and jointly form a redox couple are embedded. The storage element further includes particles made of another metal and/or an associated metal oxide, the other metal being electrochemically more noble than the first metal.

This method for producing porous sintered aluminum includes: mixing aluminum powder with a sintering aid powder containing a sintering aid element to obtain a raw aluminum mixed powder; forming the raw aluminum mixed powder into a formed object prior to sintering having pores; and heating the formed object prior to sintering in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce porous sintered aluminum, wherein the sintering aid element is titanium, and when a temperature at which the raw aluminum mixed powder starts to melt is expressed as Tm ( C.), then a temperature T ( C.) of the heating fulfills Tm-10 ( C.)T685 ( C.).

A storage element for a solid electrolyte battery is provided. The storage element has a main member having a porous matrix of sintered ceramic particles in which particles that are made of a metal and/or a metal oxide and jointly form a redox couple are embedded. Along a preferred direction, the storage element has a certain concentration gradient of the particles made of the metal and/or the metal oxide and/or a certain gradient of a pore density and/or a pore size, thereby allowing the diffusion behavior of oxygen ions within the main member to be controlled and thus the charge and discharge kinetics, the life and the capacity of the battery to be improved.