Electrodes, separators, half-cells, and full cells of electrical energy storage devices are made with electrospinning and isostatic compression. The electrical energy storage device may include electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs, also known as supercapacitors), hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), Li-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, Na-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and still other capacitors and electrochemical storage cells.

A method for flattening the proton exchange membrane for the fuel cell and an apparatus therefor are used in flattening the proton exchange membrane which is soaked with phosphoric acid. The control precision of this method can be higher than the traditional adsorption method. The mechanical transfer of proton exchange membrane can be realized so that the processing efficiency of proton exchange membrane in the process of fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is greatly improved.

Electrodes, separators, half-cells, and full cells of electrical energy storage devices are made with electrospinning and isostatic compression. The electrical energy storage device may include electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs, also known as supercapacitors), hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), Li-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, Na-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and still other capacitors and electrochemical storage cells.

Provided are a reinforced composite membrane and a method of manufacturing the reinforced composite membrane, and more particularly, a reinforced composite membrane including a porous support layer; and an electrolyte membrane layer formed on one surface or each of both surfaces of the porous support layer, at least a portion of the porous support layer being impregnated with an electrolyte, and a method of manufacturing the reinforced composite membrane. The reinforced composite membrane may enhance an interfacial adhesive force between a support and the electrolyte membrane layer, and may be manufactured on a continuous mass production.

A cation exchange membrane includes a stretched film including at least two layers of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups. The layers have differing ion exchange ratio values, which define one or more high ion exchange ratio layers and one or more low ion exchange ratio layers. The high and low ion exchange ratio layers differ in ion exchange ratio by at least about 1. A process for making a cation exchange membrane includes forming a film including at least two layers of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups to form a multi-layer film and stretching the multi-layer film. An electrochemical cell has anode and cathode compartments and includes a cation exchange membrane as a separator between said anode and cathode compartments, where the membrane includes a stretched film including at least two layers of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups.

A composite electrolyte film includes a composite electrolyte layer including: a first domain including a plurality of two-dimensional nanostructures, and a second domain which is disposed in an interstitial space between neighboring two-dimensional nanostructures of the plurality of two-dimensional nanostructures, wherein the plurality of two-dimensional nanostructures includes a first electrolyte.

A zipped ion-exchange membrane (Z-IEM) having at least one cation-exchange polyelectrolyte (CEP) crosslinked with at least one anion-exchange polyelectrolyte (AEP), wherein the CEP has a molar fraction of positive charges (x) so that: (i) when x=0.5, the Z-IEM is a completely neutralized ion-exchange membrane; (ii) when x>0.5, the Z-IEM is a cation-conducting ion-exchange membrane; (iii) when x<0.5, the Z-IEM is an anion-conducting ion-exchange membrane. The above zipped ion-exchange membrane (Z-IEM): (i) is based on a polymeric matrix; (ii) is endowed with a high conductivity for ionic species such as either H.sub.3O.sup.+, OH.sup. or halides such as F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.; and (iii) is able to block as much as possible the crossover of other ionic species, such as: cations such as V.sup.2+, V.sup.3+, VO.sup.2+, VO.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, Cr.sup.2+, Cr.sup.3+, Ce.sup.3+, Ce.sup.4+, Ti.sup.3+, Ti.sup.4+, Mn.sup.2+, Mn.sup.3+, Zn.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Np.sup.3+, Np.sup.4+, NpO.sub.2.sup.2+, NpO.sub.2.sup.+, Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, Cs.sup.+, Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+; and anions such as F.sup., BF.sub.4.sup., Cl.sup., ClO.sup., ClO.sub.2.sup., ClO.sub.3.sup., ClO.sub.4.sup., Br.sup., Br.sub.3.sup., I.sup., I.sub.3.sup..

A production method for producing a fuel cell, includes spinning a precursor consisting of a salt of at least one metal chosen from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Mg, and Ga, a solvent, and a macromolecular polymer to produce nanofibers of the precursor containing the salt of the metal. The method further includes calcining the nanofibers of the precursor at a temperature ranging from 550 C. to 650 C. for 2 to 4 hours, and making a solid electrolyte material composed of the nanofibers obtained from the calcining. The resulting solid electrolyte material constitutes a part of a fuel cell.

The present disclosure pertains to a multilayered membrane, such as an anion exchange membrane (AEM), optimized for use in various electrochemical devices. The AEM features a unique multilayered structure comprising a core layer and one or more surface layers, each designed to enhance the interface with the catalyst layer. The surface layers are distinguished by their different water uptake capacity, and increased adhesiveness, and better chemical stability compared to the core layer, attributes that are critical for improving ion transport and membrane performance. The surface layers also exhibit a lower degree of cross-linking and a higher ion exchange capacity (IEC) than the core layer. The versatile construction of the AEM allows for configurations tailored to specific applications, including electrolyzers, fuel cells, and reversible fuel cells. This disclosure promises significant advancements in electrochemical device technology, contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable energy solutions.

A method for production and processing of a framed proton-conducting membrane for a fuel cell, comprises: providing of the proton-conducting membrane and a frame comprising at least two media ports inserting the membrane into a recess of the frame, processing of at least one surface of the frame such that a first region exists with an increased force of adhesion for a joining by means of gluing, and at least one second region exists with a lesser force of adhesion than the increased force of adhesion.