A decoder that is a decoding apparatus includes an error-correction decoder that executes error correction decoding processing of iteratively performing decoding processing with a window size and the number of decoding iterations indicated by decoding parameters, on received data converted into a spatially coupled low-density parity-check code, and a decoding parameter control unit that updates the decoding parameters on the basis of a decoding result obtained by the iteratively executed decoding processing.

An apparatus and method are provided. The apparatus includes a decoder including a first input configured to receive transport blocks, a second input, and an output configured to provide a decoded codeword, and an offset value updater including an input connected to the output of the decoder, and an output, connected to the second input of the decoder, configured to provide an updated offset value.

Disclosed is an encoding method of a spatially coupled-low density parity Check (SC-LDPC) code of a terminal. The encoding method of the SC-LDPC code of the present disclosure can comprise: a step of generating a plurality of decomposition matrices by decomposing a base matrix of a preset LDPC block code. a step of generating a base matrix of the SC-LDPC code by spatially coupling the plurality of decomposition matrices in accordance with the termination length. a step of generating a circulant shift value matrix from the base matrix of the SC-LDPC code. a step of generating a plurality of lifting values for the base matrix of the SC-LDPC code. and a step for encoding an input signal by using a generator matrix defined by using of the base matrix of the SC-LDPC code, the circulant shift value matrix, and the plurality of lifting values.

Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for technology to receive a codeword containing an SC-LDPC code and conduct a min-sum decode of the SC-LDPC code based on a plurality of scaling factors. In an embodiment, the scaling factors are non-uniform across check nodes and multiple iterations of the min-sum decode.

A low-density parity check convolution code (LDPC-CC) is made, and a signal sequence is sent after being subjected to an error-correcting encodement using the low-density parity check convolution code. In this case, a low-density parity check code of a time-variant period (3g) is created by linear operations of first to 3g-th (letter g designates a positive integer) parity check polynomials and input data.

A loss correction encoding device having an improved capability of loss correction using LDPC-CC includes a rearranging unit that rearranges information data contained in n information packets according to the constraint length Kmax and the encoding rate (q−1)/q of a check polynomial of the loss correction code used in a loss correction encoding unit. Specifically, the rearranging unit rearranges the information data in such a way that continuous Kmax×(q−1) pieces of information data after rearrangement are contained in different information packets. The rearranging unit distributes the information data to information blocks from n information packets, where n satisfies the formula Kmax×(q−1)≤n.

Provided is an optical transmission/reception device including: an error correction encoding unit configured to encode a sequence to be transmitted with one type of LDPC code; and an error correction decoding unit configured to decode a received sequence encoded with the LDPC code. The error correction decoding unit performs decoding processing for the received sequence based on a check matrix of an LDPC convolutional code. The decoding processing is windowed decoding processing, which is performed by using a window extending over one or more check submatrices. A window size of the window and a decoding iteration count are configured to be variable, and the window size and the decoding iteration count are input from a control circuit connected to the error correction decoding unit.

A loss correction encoding device having an improved capability of loss correction using LDPC-CC includes a rearranging unit that rearranges information data contained in n information packets according to the constraint length Kmax and the encoding rate (q−1)/q of a check polynomial of the loss correction code used in a loss correction encoding unit. Specifically, the rearranging unit rearranges the information data in such a way that continuous Kmax×(q−1) pieces of information data after rearrangement are contained in different information packets. The rearranging unit distributes the information data to information blocks from n information packets, where n satisfies the formula Kmax×(q−1)≤n.

Provided is an optical transmission/reception device including an error correction decoding unit (36) for decoding a received sequence encoded with an LDPC code, in which the error correction decoding unit (36) is configured to perform decoding processing using a parity check matrix (70) of a spatially-coupled LDPC code, which includes a plurality of parity check sub-matrices (71) combined with each other, in which the decoding processing is windowed decoding processing that uses a window (80) over one or more parity check sub-matrices (71), and in which a window size of the window (80) and a decoding iteration count due to throughput and requested correction performance are variable and input from a control circuit (12) connected to the error correction decoding device (36).

A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device is configured to supply a read voltage into a plurality of non-volatile memory cells and transfer values obtained from the plural non-volatile memory cells. The controller is coupled to the memory device via at least one channel. The controller adjusts a level of the read voltage based on a cell difference probability (CDP) calculated from the values when a read operation to the plurality of non-volatile memory cells fails.