A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may modulate, based on a number of uplink control bits, a first sequence or the first sequence and a second sequence. The WTRU may spread the first sequence and the second sequence with a complementary sequence pair, concatenate parts of the first sequence and the second sequence in interlaced resource blocks (RBs), and perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the interlaced parts. The WTRU may transmit on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) a signal outputted by the IDFT.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for rate-matching a data transmission around resources. One method includes: receiving a downlink control channel (DCC) transmission in a predetermined time period; determining a first DCC candidate (DCCC) based on the downlink control channel transmission; determining whether the first DCCC belongs to a plurality of DCCCs associated with the DCC transmission, wherein the plurality of DCCCs carry the same downlink control information (DCI); in response to determining that the first DCCC belongs to the plurality of DCCCs: determining a second DCCC; and determining the DCI by decoding the first and the second DCCCs; in response to determining that the first DCCC does not belong to the plurality of DCCCs: determining the DCI by decoding the first DCCC; and determining downlink resources corresponding to a data transmission; and rate-matching the data transmission.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for rate-matching a data transmission around resources. One method includes: receiving a downlink control channel (DCC) transmission in a predetermined time period; determining a first DCC candidate (DCCC) based on the downlink control channel transmission; determining whether the first DCCC belongs to a plurality of DCCCs associated with the DCC transmission, wherein the plurality of DCCCs carry the same downlink control information (DCI); in response to determining that the first DCCC belongs to the plurality of DCCCs: determining a second DCCC; and determining the DCI by decoding the first and the second DCCCs; in response to determining that the first DCCC does not belong to the plurality of DCCCs: determining the DCI by decoding the first DCCC; and determining downlink resources corresponding to a data transmission; and rate-matching the data transmission.

An in-phase quadrature (IQ) modulator modulates a radio frequency signal to produce an IQ-modulated radio frequency signal. A polarization modulator modulates the IQ modulated radio frequency signal to produce a polarization-modulated radio frequency signal. The polarization modulator outputs the polarization-modulated radio frequency signal to an antenna for transmission.

Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a wireless communications device transmits a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream using a first set of constellation points of a pi/N-based modulation scheme, and transmits a second set of symbols of the plurality of symbols using a second set of constellation points of the pi/N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi/N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a downlink transmission and send a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission in each resource block (RB) of an interlace of a plurality of RBs in an active bandwidth part (BWP). A base sequence is mapped to the PUCCH transmission repetitively, once to each RB of the plurality of RBs of the interlace, using a different cyclic shift of the base sequence for each RB. Each different cyclic shift of the base sequence in the PUCCH transmission to each RB is a function of a RB index of the respective RB. The PUCCH transmission indicates either an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative ACK (NACK) of the received downlink transmission.

For example, a phase shifter may include an input to receive an input clock signal having an input frequency and an input phase. For example, the phase shifter may include a quadrature phase-shift generator configured to generate a first signal and a second signal based on the input clock signal, the first and second signals having the input frequency, wherein a phase of the first signal is based on the input phase, wherein a phase of the second signal is shifted by a quadrature phase-shift relative to the phase of the first signal. For example, the phase shifter may include an output to provide an output based on the first signal and the second signal.

The present disclosure provides a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining to-be-transmitted data; putting the to-be-transmitted data into a to-be-transmitted data field with a fourth predetermined number of Bytes in a first predetermined frame format for encapsulation, to obtain a to-be-transmitted data frame, the first predetermined frame format sequentially including a first permeable field, a frame synchronization signal field, an address field, the to-be-transmitted data field, a check field, a first postamble field, and a first predetermined gap field; encoding and modulating the to-be-transmitted data frame in accordance with BPSK, and then transmitting the to-be-transmitted data frame; and demodulating and decoding in accordance with the BPSK to obtain an ACK signal.

A method implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) includes receiving a DeModulation Interference Measurement (DM-IM) resource, determining an interference measurement based on the DM-IM resource, and demodulating a received signal based on the interference measurement. An interference is suppressed based on the interference measurement. At least one DM-IM resource is located in a Physical Resource Block (PRB). The DM-IM resource is located in a PRB allocated for the WTRU. The DM-IM resource is a plurality of DM-IM resources which form a DM-IM pattern, and the DM-IM pattern is located on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and/or an enhanced Physical Downlink Shared Channel (E-PDSCH) of at least one Long Term Evolution (LTE) subframe. The DM-IM resources are different for different Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) in the LTE subframe. The DM-IM is located in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Resource Block (RB), and the DM-IM pattern is adjusted.

A method implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) includes receiving a DeModulation Interference Measurement (DM-IM) resource, determining an interference measurement based on the DM-IM resource, and demodulating a received signal based on the interference measurement. An interference is suppressed based on the interference measurement. At least one DM-IM resource is located in a Physical Resource Block (PRB). The DM-IM resource is located in a PRB allocated for the WTRU. The DM-IM resource is a plurality of DM-IM resources which form a DM-IM pattern, and the DM-IM pattern is located on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and/or an enhanced Physical Downlink Shared Channel (E-PDSCH) of at least one Long Term Evolution (LTE) subframe. The DM-IM resources are different for different Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) in the LTE subframe. The DM-IM is located in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Resource Block (RB), and the DM-IM pattern is adjusted.