An apparatus for estimating a biological substance in a user using a unit spectrum for the biological substance acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution is provided. The apparatus may include a spectrometer configured to emit a light to a skin of a user, detect the light returned from the skin, and measure a skin spectrum of the user from the detected light and a processor configured to estimate a biological substance in the user based on the measured skin spectrum and a unit spectrum acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution.

Kits, diagnostic systems and methods are provided, which measure the distribution of colors of skin features by comparison to calibrated colors which are co-imaged with the skin feature. The colors on the calibration template (calibrator) are selected to represent the expected range of feature colors under various illumination and capturing conditions. The calibrator may also comprise features with different forms and size for calibrating geometric parameters of the skin features in the captured images. Measurements may be enhanced by monitoring over time changes in the distribution of colors, by measuring two and three dimensional geometrical parameters of the skin feature and by associating the data with medical diagnostic parameters. Thus, simple means for skin diagnosis and monitoring are provided which simplify and improve current dermatologic diagnostic procedures.

An imaging method of a fluorescent image performs image processing before generating colored-fluorescent images, including steps: respectively imaging the red, green and blue lights of the white light on three monochromatic sensors under the precondition that the software processing speed is not affected; imaging the near infrared fluorescent light on one of the monochromatic sensors; determining whether the sensor used to receive the near infrared fluorescent light receives the fluorescent signal; calculating the light intensity received by the sensor receiving the fluorescent signal and the light intensities received by the other two sensors; automatically adjusting the projection intensity of the white light source and/or the excitation light source according to the difference of the intensities of the two types of light signals, whereby a closed-loop system is formed to simultaneously present the colored-florescent images on a picture with the best contrast.

In one embodiment, an imaging system illuminates a surface of tissue with one or more spots of near-infrared (NIR) light within a field of view of a camera of the imaging system. The imaging system captures an image of the one or more spots of NIR light within the field of view of the camera of the imaging system. The imaging system calculates, for each of the one or more spots of NIR light in the captured image, a spot diameter, spot position, or spot shape in the captured image. The imaging system determines a distance between the imaging system and the surface of tissue, based on the calculated spot diameter, spot position, or spot shape of the one or more spots of NIR light in the captured image. The imaging system provides data indicative of the determined distance between the imaging system and the surface of tissue to an electronic display.

An apparatus for estimating a concentration of an analyte includes an optical sensor configured to emit light toward an object and receive light reflected from the object, and a processor configured to obtain a ratio of an absorption coefficient to a scattering coefficient based on the received light, obtain a first absorption spectrum of the object based on the obtained ratio, obtain a second absorption spectrum by eliminating a scattering correction spectrum from the first absorption spectrum, the scattering correction spectrum corresponding to a nonlinear change in the scattering coefficient according to a wavelength of the emitted light, and estimate a concentration of an analyte based on the second absorption spectrum.

The technology provides a system and method for simulating and detecting bio signals such as brain bio-signals. Optical fibers provide modulated signals received from an optical signal modulator. The modulated signals are received by a set of emission elements disposed within the phantom body, which output corresponding electrical signals. The electrical signals are detected by a set of sensors and evaluated by a receiver device, such as for an electroencephalograph (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) diagnostic system. A controller manages the modulation of light signals so that specific electrical signals can be generated as desired. Because tens, hundreds or thousands of emission elements may be arranged in the phantom body, the controller can manage operation of the optical signal modulator so that the precise physical location of each emission element can be mapped quickly and efficiently. The controller may also detect defective components in a similar manner.

The technology provides a system and method for simulating and detecting bio signals such as brain bio-signals. The technology can be used for medical or non-medical purposes, for instance to simulate or evaluate certain medical conditions using a physical brain-type phantom body. A set of optical fibers provides modulated signals received from an optical signal modulator, which is managed by a controller to generate repeatable signals with high fidelity. The modulated signals are received by a set of emission elements such as photoreceivers or other optical electrodes disposed within or otherwise about the phantom body. The emission elements output electrical signals corresponding to the input modulated optical signals. The electrical signals are detected by a set of sensors. The sensors are coupled to a receiver device that is able to evaluate the electrical signals, such as for an electroencephalograph (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) diagnostic system.

Custom-made shoes and orthopedic insoles support the wearer, with these products being manufactured at specialist retailers by a method that includes the steps of: producing a footprint; capturing the footprint and a measurement standard as a footprint image using a camera; and, extracting and/or determining the characteristic foot data on the basis of the footprint image.

An apparatus for estimating a biological substance in a user using a unit spectrum for the biological substance acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution is provided. The apparatus may include a spectrometer configured to emit a light to a skin of a user, detect the light returned from the skin, and measure a skin spectrum of the user from the detected light and a processor configured to estimate a biological substance in the user based on the measured skin spectrum and a unit spectrum acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution.

A digital image is captured. The captured digital image includes a calibration pattern. The calibration pattern includes displayed information about the calibration pattern. The displayed information is read to obtain calibration information about the captured digital image.