A communication terminal is provided for supporting a periodical data flow by forwarding messages received from a communication network to an external node not synchronised with the communication network. The communication terminal is configured to obtain one or more timing adjustment indications from an access node of the communication network and adjust the transmission and/or reception timing of the periodical data flow in dependence on the timing adjustment indication(s). The one or more timing adjustment indications are based on clock mismatch information between the communication terminal and the external node and a holding time.

A first base station (121) is configured to notify a second base station (122) of frame offset information indicating a frame offset equivalent to a first difference between a start timing of a radio frame in a first base station (121) and PPS in a wireless manner or via a backhaul.

A system for a network of one or more off-board subsystems is provided for controlling automobile subsystems such as vehicle lighting. Such a system may be compatible with a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) interface and it may address timing issues by using a protocol having a synchronization frame (sync frame) such that a clock signal may be recovered from the sync frame sent by an off-board master device 202, such as a microcontroller unit 208, to a satellite/slave 211 device. Such a protocol permits elimination of a crystal clock oscillator and phase-locked loop located at satellite, thereby dispensing with an otherwise significant cost.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that support node connection techniques in wireless systems, such as relay node connections in a wireless backhaul network. A first node, which may be a new node or a node seeking to re-establish a connection, may initiate a connection establishment through transmission of a synchronization signal (SS). The first node, responsive to the SS transmission, may receive a response signal from one of the other nodes, and may establish a link with the other node. In some cases, the response signal may be an SS transmission from the other node, and the first node may transmit a random access request to the other node to initiate establishment of the link. In other cases, the response signal may be a random access request from the other node to initiate establishment of the link.

Disclosed are devices, systems, apparatuses, methods, products, and other implementations of GNSS repeater systems and methods for improving phase and frequency alignment of RF signals transported through fiber optic communication channels. Acquired RF signals are processed at a remote outdoor unit, where they are digitized, formatted into a CPRI frame, and timestamped. The timestamped CPRI frame is then transported over a fiber optic communication channel to an indoor head end unit. The indoor head end unit extracts timestamp and digitized RF signal from the CPRI frame. The timestamp is then used to synchronize a base transceiver station (BTS) and a precision time protocol (PTP) grand master with the remote outdoor unit.

According to one embodiment, a communication repeater system includes a master station device and radio frequency units. The radio frequency units each convert a signal from each of base station system into an optical digital signal for transmission to the master station device. The base station systems establish communication by time division duplex scheme. The communication repeater system repeats communication between a mobile communication terminal device and each base station system via a corresponding one of slave station devices, and includes a detector that detects each of transmission/reception switching timings between the master station device and each of the radio frequency units, a setter that sets, as reference transmission/reception switching timing, a latest one of the transmission/reception switching timings of the radio frequency units as candidates of reference transmission/reception switching timing, and a corrector that corrects variation in the transmission/reception switching timings according to the reference transmission/reception switching timing.

A system for a network of one or more off-board subsystems is provided for controlling automobile subsystems such as vehicle lighting. Such a system may be compatible with a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) interface and it may address timing issues by using a protocol having a synchronization frame (sync frame) such that a clock signal may be recovered from the sync frame sent by an off-board master device 202, such as a microcontroller unit 208, to a satellite/slave 211 device. Such a protocol permits elimination of a crystal clock oscillator and phase-locked loop located at satellite, thereby dispensing with an otherwise significant cost.

According to one embodiment, a communication repeater system includes a master station device and radio frequency units. The radio frequency units each convert a signal from each of base station system into an optical digital signal for transmission to the master station device. The base station systems establish communication by time division duplex scheme. The communication repeater system repeats communication between a mobile communication terminal device and each base station system via a corresponding one of slave station devices, and includes a detector that detects each of transmission/reception switching timings between the master station device and each of the radio frequency units, a setter that sets, as reference transmission/reception switching timing, a latest one of the transmission/reception switching timings of the radio frequency units as candidates of reference transmission/reception switching timing, and a corrector that corrects variation in the transmission/reception switching timings according to the reference transmission/reception switching timing.

According to one embodiment, a communication repeater system includes a master station device, slave station devices, and radio frequency units which convert a signal from each base station system into an optical digital signal for transmission to the master station device. The base station systems establish communication by time-division duplex scheme. The communication repeater system repeats communication between a mobile communication terminal device and each base station system via a corresponding one of the slave station devices. The radio frequency units each include a detector that detects transmission/reception switching timing between the master station device and each of the radio frequency units. The slave station devices each include a setter that sets reference transmission/reception switching timing on the basis of acquired reference time information. The radio frequency units each include a corrector that corrects variation in the transmission/reception switching timing in accordance with the reference transmission/reception switching timing.

According to one embodiment, a communication repeater system includes a master station device, slave station devices, radio frequency units that convert signals from base station systems into optical digital signals for transmission to the master station device. The base station systems establish communication by time-division duplex scheme. The communication repeater system repeats communication between a mobile communication terminal device and each base station system via a corresponding slave station device. At least one of the radio frequency units and the master and slave station devices includes a learning-signal input port, and a setter that generates a reference transmission/reception switching timing signal based on a learning signal input to the learning-signal input port and sets the generated signal as reference transmission/reception switching timing. The rest of the units and the devices each include a corrector that corrects variation in transmission/reception switching timing according to the reference transmission/reception switching timing.