A method and device for input/output connections is provided. Devices and methods for connection structure are shown with improved mechanical properties such as hardness and abrasion resistance. Land grid array structures are provided that are less expensive to manufacture due to reductions in material cost such as gold. Ball grid array structures are provided with improved resistance to corrosion during fabrication. Ball grid array structures are also provided with improved mechanical properties resulting in improved shock testing results.

Various embodiments of the present application are directed towards a method for forming an integrated chip in which a group III-V device is bonded to a substrate, as well as the resulting integrated chip. In some embodiments, the method includes: forming a chip including an epitaxial stack, a metal structure on the epitaxial stack, and a diffusion layer between the metal structure and the epitaxial stack; bonding the chip to a substrate so the metal structure is between the substrate and the epitaxial stack; and performing an etch into the epitaxial stack to form a mesa structure with sidewalls spaced from sidewalls of the diffusion layer. The metal structure may, for example, be a metal bump patterned before the bonding or may, for example, be a metal layer that is on an etch stop layer and that protrudes through the etch stop layer to the diffusion layer.

A curable resin or adhesive composition includes at least one monomer, a photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer when exposed to light, and at least one energy converting material, preferably a phosphor, capable of producing light when exposed to radiation (typically X-rays). The material is particularly suitable for bonding components at ambient temperature in situations where the bond joint is not accessible to an external light source. An associated method includes: placing a polymerizable adhesive composition, including a photoinitiator and energy converting material, such as a down-converting phosphor, in contact with at least two components to be bonded to form an assembly; and, irradiating the assembly with radiation at a first wavelength, capable of conversion (down-conversion by the phosphor) to a second wavelength capable of activating the photoinitiator, to prepare items such as inkjet cartridges, wafer-to-wafer assemblies, semiconductors, integrated circuits, and the like.

The present disclosure provides a semiconductor structure and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, a plurality of metallic pillars, a plurality of metallic protrusions, a capping layer, and a passivation layer. The metallic pillars are disposed on the substrate. The metallic protrusions extend from an upper surface of the metallic pillars. The capping layer is disposed on the metallic protrusions. The passivation layer is disposed on sidewalls of the protrusions and the capping layer.

A structure for a semiconductor device includes a copper (Cu) layer and a first nickel (Ni) alloy layer with a Ni grain size a.sub.1. The structure also includes a second Ni alloy layer with a Ni grain size a.sub.2, wherein a.sub.1<a.sub.2. The first Ni alloy layer is between the Cu layer and the second Ni alloy layer. The structure further includes a tin (Sn) layer. The second Ni alloy layer is between the first Ni alloy layer and the Sn layer.

Transistors including semiconductor regions where operating current flows are provided above a substrate. Operating electrodes of conductive material having thermal conductivity higher than the semiconductor regions and contacting the semiconductor regions to conduct operating current to the semiconductor regions are disposed. A conductor pillar for external connection contains contact regions where the semiconductor regions and the operating electrodes contact, and is electrically connected to the operating electrodes. The contact regions are disposed in a first direction. Each contact region has a planar shape long in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. A first average distance, obtained by averaging distances in the second direction from each end portion of the contact region in the second direction to an edge of the conductor pillar across the contact regions, exceeds an average distance value in a height direction from the contact region to a top surface of the conductor pillar.

In an embodiment, a method includes: stacking a plurality of first dies to form a device stack; revealing testing pads of a topmost die of the device stack; testing the device stack using the testing pads of the topmost die; and after testing the device stack, forming bonding pads in the topmost die, the bonding pads being different from the testing pads.

A connection structural body includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal facing the first connection terminal, and a bonding member bonding the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal. The bonding member includes an intermetallic compound layer that is formed by a roughened-surface metal film, structured by deposits of metal piled over one another such that a large number of pores are formed, and a solder layer that is disposed in the pores.

A method of making an assembly can include juxtaposing a top surface of a first electrically conductive element at a first surface of a first substrate with a top surface of a second electrically conductive element at a major surface of a second substrate. One of: the top surface of the first conductive element can be recessed below the first surface, or the top surface of the second conductive element can be recessed below the major surface. Electrically conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the top surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers. The method can also include elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles can cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements.

Various embodiments of the present application are directed towards a method for forming an integrated chip in which a group III-V device is bonded to a substrate, as well as the resulting integrated chip. In some embodiments, the method includes: forming a chip including an epitaxial stack, a metal structure on the epitaxial stack, and a diffusion layer between the metal structure and the epitaxial stack; bonding the chip to a substrate so the metal structure is between the substrate and the epitaxial stack; and performing an etch into the epitaxial stack to form a mesa structure with sidewalls spaced from sidewalls of the diffusion layer. The metal structure may, for example, be a metal bump patterned before the bonding or may, for example, be a metal layer that is on an etch stop layer and that protrudes through the etch stop layer to the diffusion layer.