A silicon carbide device includes a silicon carbide substrate, a contact layer including nickel, silicon and aluminum, a barrier layer structure including titanium and tungsten, and a metallization layer including copper. The contact layer is located on the silicon carbide substrate. The contact layer is located between the silicon carbide substrate and at least a part of the barrier layer structure. The barrier layer structure is located between the silicon carbide substrate and the metallization layer.

A device includes a first chip having a first circuit element, a first interconnect pad in electrical contact with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond on the barrier layer, and a second chip joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a first quantum circuit element, in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the first quantum circuit element.

A device includes a first chip having a first circuit element, a first interconnect pad in electrical contact with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond on the barrier layer, and a second chip joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a first quantum circuit element, in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the first quantum circuit element.

A device includes a first chip having a first circuit element, a first interconnect pad in electrical contact with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond on the barrier layer, and a second chip joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a first quantum circuit element, in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the first quantum circuit element.

A device includes a first chip having a first circuit element, a first interconnect pad in electrical contact with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond on the barrier layer, and a second chip joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a first quantum circuit element, in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the first quantum circuit element.

A substrate includes a base substrate, and a pad at one side of the base substrate, wherein the pad comprises: a first conductive pattern on the base substrate, an insulating layer including a plurality of contact holes exposing a portion of the first conductive pattern, and second conductive patterns separately on the insulating layer and connected to the first conductive pattern through the plurality of contact holes, wherein side surfaces of the second conductive patterns are exposed.

A substrate includes a base substrate, and a pad at one side of the base substrate, wherein the pad comprises: a first conductive pattern on the base substrate, an insulating layer including a plurality of contact holes exposing a portion of the first conductive pattern, and second conductive patterns separately on the insulating layer and connected to the first conductive pattern through the plurality of contact holes, wherein side surfaces of the second conductive patterns are exposed.

Provided is an array substrate. The array substrate includes at least one pad group disposed in a peripheral region of a base substrate, wherein the at least one pad group includes a sector pad group in which the pads are distributed in a sector shape. Therefore, the bonding yield between the array substrate and the circuit board is increased.

A device (100) includes a first chip (104) having a first circuit element (112), a first interconnect pad (116) in electrical contact (118) with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer (120) on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond (106) on the barrier layer, and a second chip (102) joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a quantum circuit element (108), in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the quantum circuit element.

A device (100) includes a first chip (104) having a first circuit element (112), a first interconnect pad (116) in electrical contact (118) with the first circuit element, and a barrier layer (120) on the first interconnect pad, a superconducting bump bond (106) on the barrier layer, and a second chip (102) joined to the first chip by the superconducting bump bond, the second chip having a quantum circuit element (108), in which the superconducting bump bond provides an electrical connection between the first circuit element and the quantum circuit element.