A method of manufacturing a layer structure includes: forming a first layer over a substrate; planarizing the first layer to form a planarized surface of the first layer; and forming a second layer over the planarized surface; wherein a porosity of the first layer is greater than a porosity of the substrate and greater than a porosity of the second layer; wherein the second layer is formed by physical vapor deposition; and wherein the first layer and the second layer are formed from the same solid material.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes providing a semiconductor substrate, forming, over a main surface the semiconductor substrate, a first insulating film, forming, over the first insulating film, an Al-containing conductive film containing aluminum as a main component, patterning the Al-containing conductive film to form a pad, forming, over the first insulating film, a second insulating film to cover the pad therewith, forming an opening in the second insulating film, and electrically coupling a copper wire to the pad exposed from the opening.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes providing a semiconductor substrate, forming, over a main surface the semiconductor substrate, a first insulating film, forming, over the first insulating film, an Al-containing conductive film containing aluminum as a main component, patterning the Al-containing conductive film to form a pad, forming, over the first insulating film, a second insulating film to cover the pad therewith, forming an opening in the second insulating film, and electrically coupling a copper wire to the pad exposed from the opening.

A semiconductor chip includes: a base substrate; a conductive pad on one surface of the base substrate; an insulating layer on the one surface of the base substrate and having an opening exposing a portion of the conductive pad; and a bump on the exposed portion of the conductive pad and on the insulating layer around the opening. The bump includes a plurality of concave portions corresponding to the opening and is arranged in a longitudinal direction of the bump.

A semiconductor chip includes: a base substrate; a conductive pad on one surface of the base substrate; an insulating layer on the one surface of the base substrate and having an opening exposing a portion of the conductive pad; and a bump on the exposed portion of the conductive pad and on the insulating layer around the opening. The bump includes a plurality of concave portions corresponding to the opening and is arranged in a longitudinal direction of the bump.

A method of manufacturing a layer structure includes: forming a first layer over a substrate; planarizing the first layer to form a planarized surface of the first layer; and forming a second layer over the planarized surface; wherein a porosity of the first layer is greater than a porosity of the substrate and greater than a porosity of the second layer; wherein the second layer is formed by physical vapor deposition; and wherein the first layer and the second layer are formed from the same solid material.

A method of manufacturing a layer structure includes: forming a first layer over a substrate; planarizing the first layer to form a planarized surface of the first layer; and forming a second layer over the planarized surface; wherein a porosity of the first layer is greater than a porosity of the substrate and greater than a porosity of the second layer; wherein the second layer is formed by physical vapor deposition; and wherein the first layer and the second layer are formed from the same solid material.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device may include: forming at least one electronic component in a substrate; forming a contact pad in electrical contact with the at least one electronic component; wherein forming the contact pad includes: forming a first layer over the substrate; planarizing the first layer to form a planarized surface of the first layer; and forming a second layer over the planarized surface, wherein the second layer has a lower porosity than the first layer.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device may include: forming at least one electronic component in a substrate; forming a contact pad in electrical contact with the at least one electronic component; wherein forming the contact pad includes: forming a first layer over the substrate; planarizing the first layer to form a planarized surface of the first layer; and forming a second layer over the planarized surface, wherein the second layer has a lower porosity than the first layer.

Object is to prevent a coupling failure between a rewiring and a coupling member for coupling to outside. A passivation film and a first polyimide film are formed so as to cover a wiring layer. A first opening portion is formed in the first polyimide film. A rewiring is formed on the first polyimide film so as to be coupled to the wiring layer via the first opening portion. A second polyimide film that covers the rewiring and has a second opening portion communicated with the rewiring is formed. A palladium film is formed as a barrier film by sputtering on a portion of the surface of the rewiring at which the second opening portion exists. A solder ball is coupled to the palladium film.