An LED leadframe or LED substrate includes a main body portion having a mounting surface for mounting an LED element thereover. A reflection metal layer serving as a reflection layer for reflecting light from the LED element is disposed over the mounting surface of the main body portion. The reflection metal layer comprises an alloy of platinum and silver or an alloy of gold and silver. The reflection metal layer efficiently reflects light emitted from the LED element and suppresses corrosion due to the presence of a gas, thereby capable of maintaining reflection characteristics of light from the LED element.

An LED leadframe or LED substrate includes a main body portion having a mounting surface for mounting an LED element thereover. A reflection metal layer serving as a reflection layer for reflecting light from the LED element is disposed over the mounting surface of the main body portion. The reflection metal layer comprises an alloy of platinum and silver or an alloy of gold and silver. The reflection metal layer efficiently reflects light emitted from the LED element and suppresses corrosion due to the presence of a gas, thereby capable of maintaining reflection characteristics of light from the LED element.

An LED leadframe or LED substrate includes a main body portion having a mounting surface for mounting an LED element thereover. A reflection metal layer serving as a reflection layer for reflecting light from the LED element is disposed over the mounting surface of the main body portion. The reflection metal layer comprises an alloy of platinum and silver or an alloy of gold and silver. The reflection metal layer efficiently reflects light emitted from the LED element and suppresses corrosion due to the presence of a gas, thereby capable of maintaining reflection characteristics of light from the LED element.

Integrated circuit chips and chip packages are disclosed that include an over-passivation scheme at a top of the integrated circuit chip and a bottom scheme at a bottom of the integrated circuit chip using a top post-passivation technology and a bottom structure technology. The integrated circuit chips can be connected to an external circuit or structure, such as ball-grid-array (BGA) substrate, printed circuit board, semiconductor chip, metal substrate, glass substrate or ceramic substrate, through the over-passivation scheme or the bottom scheme. Related fabrication techniques are described.

Integrated circuit chips and chip packages are disclosed that include an over-passivation scheme at a top of the integrated circuit chip and a bottom scheme at a bottom of the integrated circuit chip using a top post-passivation technology and a bottom structure technology. The integrated circuit chips can be connected to an external circuit or structure, such as ball-grid-array (BGA) substrate, printed circuit board, semiconductor chip, metal substrate, glass substrate or ceramic substrate, through the over-passivation scheme or the bottom scheme. Related fabrication techniques are described.