A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include juxtaposing a top surface of a first electrically conductive element at a first surface of a first substrate with a top surface of a second electrically conductive element at a major surface of a second substrate. One of: the top surface of the first conductive element can be recessed below the first surface, or the top surface of the second conductive element can be recessed below the major surface. Electrically conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the top surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers. The method can also include elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles can cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements.

A method of making an assembly can include juxtaposing a top surface of a first electrically conductive element at a first surface of a first substrate with a top surface of a second electrically conductive element at a major surface of a second substrate. One of: the top surface of the first conductive element can be recessed below the first surface, or the top surface of the second conductive element can be recessed below the major surface. Electrically conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the top surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers. The method can also include elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles can cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.