A microfluidic ion detection chip having a bubble brightening structure includes a substrate, an upper plate, two glass cover plates, and a foam board. The substrate is provided with a fluid mixing region, a lower optical detection through hole, and a lower gas flow channel. The upper plate is adhesively connected to the substrate and is provided with a sample outlet, an upper optical detection through hole, an upper gas flow channel, and two sample inlets, the upper gas flow channel and the lower gas flow channel are combined to form a gas flow channel. The two glass cover plates are respectively disposed at the lower optical detection through hole and the upper optical detection through hole. The foam board is provided with a foaming structure capable of generating bubbles and a surfactant coated on the foam board, the foam board is disposed at the gas flow channel.

The invention provides a bacterial cellulose-based biosensor, including bacterial cellulose (BC) and a cell presenting a cellulose-binding module CBM2a on the surface. The cell is attached to BC through CBM2a. The cell expresses CBM2a by using pETDuet-tac as a vector. The pETDuet-tac is obtained by replacing two T7 promoters on the vector pETDuet by tac promoters, that is, an upstream first tac promoter and a downstream second tac promoter. The pETDuet-tac includes a gene encoding a fluorescent protein downstream of the first tac promoter and a gene encoding CBM2a presented on the surface downstream of the second tac promoter. By the BC-based biosensor, efficient and specific immobilization of cells on the BC matrix is enabled, the biological activity of cells is maintained, the fluorescence signal output is enhanced, and sufficient pores are provided for the entry and exit of a detected substance, thereby significantly improving the detection sensitivity.

A business method of reimbursing water meter companies for the costs involved in installing smart or advanced water meters. The method includes that the water meter company negotiates with water municipalities/utilities to become responsible for the water use billing operations. In addition, some smart water meters will be able to alert property owners and users of leak conditions, which can be addressed by remote or automated water control. Furthermore, some smart water meters can include consumable or non-consumable water quality sensors and the replacement of the water quality sensors can be managed by the water company. The water meter company can provide service and maintenance for advanced or smart water meters such as software updates, battery replacements, and replacement of expired or nonfunction components. Furthermore, insurance companies have an interest in providing rebates or discounts to support the use of the smart water meters preventing leak and leak damage.

A water hygiene improving system and method are provided which may include and utilize one or more water hygiene improving devices which may be coupled to a building water supply network at any number of locations so that water passing through each water hygiene improving device is returned to the building water supply network. The water hygiene improving device may include one or more membrane filtration systems and optionally one or more bioreactors. The system and method include a new and innovative approach for surviving or improving water hygiene within the whole water supply network of new or existing buildings, for prevention of their contamination with legionella or other pathogens, general limitation of biofilm growth and their negative effects on water hygiene, also at point of use (POU), and water distribution within new or existing buildings by limitation of incoming nutrients, bacteria and other microorganisms at point of entry (POE) of buildings or at other locations of the water supply network within the building.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus or methodology for detecting one or more contaminants and/or measuring watering quality in a water supply system, which may be installed at any place chosen by a user so as to detect the one or more contaminants and/or measure the quality of water flowing through a pipe of the water supply system, such as tap water, water purifier, drinking water storage facility, or water intake facility. The present disclosure provides numerous benefits over the existing technology including convenience of handling with ease and safe fastening and installment of the apparatus for detecting one or more contaminants and/or measuring quality of water. Furthermore, the present technology enables the monitoring of the contamination level of the water delivered in the water supply system at any time chosen by the user because the contamination can be detected and/or the water quality can be measured and monitored in a wireless environment either continuously or intermittently through a wireless communication system with a remote user device.

Systems and methods for monitoring and managing potable water installations (PWIs) systems are disclosed. In embodiments, a computer-implemented method comprises: receiving, by a computing device, monitoring data from a PWI via a network; generating, by the computing device, misery factor data for misery factors including availability of water, quality of water and hygiene of the PWI, wherein the misery factor data is based on the monitoring data; assigning, by the computing device, weights to the misery factor data for each of the misery factors; calculating, by the computing device, a misery index based on the misery factor data, wherein the misery index is a number indicative of conditions at the PWI; and generating, by the computing device, an alarm based on the misery data.

A faucet having a faucet base, a water hose, a faucet head, and a chamber is provided. A water valve is provided in the chamber and includes a driving member and a control valve movable between a first position enabling mixing of water and air and a second position enabling shut-off of a water flow. The faucet head further includes a control member movably coupled with the faucet head to enable operating the control valve within the water valve using magnets by operating the control member from or near a side of the faucet head.

A faucet having a faucet base, a water hose, a faucet head, and a chamber is provided. A water valve is provided in the chamber and includes a driving member and a control valve movable between a first position enabling mixing of water and air and a second position enabling shut-off of a water flow. The faucet head further includes a sliding member slidably coupled with the faucet head to enable a user to operate the control valve within the water valve by operating the sliding member from a side of the faucet head.

A method and system for detecting a floating layer on a surveillance area of the sea surface, a site of interest being placed in or around the surveillance area. The method comprises the following steps: a) satellite measurement of a radar feedback return, the radar signal being emitted by a satellite toward the sea surface of the surveillance area; b) recognition of at least one swell profile of the sea surface in accordance with the satellite measurements; c) identification of the fluid properties corresponding to the recognized swell profiles; and d) emission of a warning when the fluid properties identified for one of the recognized profiles correspond to a sea surface that includes undesirable elements for the site of interest.

A method for measuring TOC in test water is disclosed. Test water is injected into a combustion tube, which is controlled to be heated in a state of flowing carrier air generated by discharging stored water filled in a combustion gas or carrier air storage tank. After the drying process, temperature in the combustion tube is increased, and the dried organic carbon is burned. Combustion gas is guided to the combustion gas storage tank. An inside of the combustion tube is purified due to high pressure steam generated by injecting pure water and organic carbon removed in the purification process is burned and oxidized. The generated combustion gas is guided to the combustion gas storage tank and is pushed into an infrared meter to measure a carbon dioxide gas concentration. Otherwise, the generated combustion gas is guided to the infrared meter to measure the carbon dioxide gas concentration.