A one piece water permeable paver for forming a surface suitable for traffic having outer flex joint connection cells connected to connectors, outer three connection cells connected to one of the outer flex joint connection cells, outer two connection cells connected to two outer three connection cells, a plurality of inner single flex joint connection cells connected to one of the connectors, and an inner dual flex joint connection cell engaging two connectors, inner four connection cells connected to a pair of outer three connection cells and a pair of inner single flex joint connection cells. Fastening slots are formed partially through outer surfaces of cells that form two sides of the paver. Locking tabs extend from outer surfaces of cells forming two sides of the paver opposite the sides with the locking tabs, enabling a first paver to securely interlock to an adjacent paver.

Reinforcing layers each have a cord angle set to 25° or greater and 45° or less when a body is in a neutral state. When the body is loaded with a specified internal pressure, intermediate rubber layers disposed between adjacent sets in which cords of the reinforcing layers extend in an intersecting direction are shear-deformed, the cord angle increases approximately to a stable angle of repose, and the expanded body maintains a predetermined shape. In each of the sets being formed of two reinforcing layers layered adjacently, the cords of the reinforcing layers extend in an identical direction at the predetermined cord angle. Since substantially no shear force acts on the intermediate rubber layers disposed between the reinforcing layers, the resistance when expanding the body decreases. This provides a pneumatic fender that expands more smoothly and ensures a predetermined shape when a body is loaded with a specified internal pressure.

A cord angle of reinforcing layers having a bias structure constituting a body portion is set to 25° or more and 45° or less in a neutral state of a body. Reinforcing layers are bonded with a bonding member interposed between the reinforcing layers, the bonding member disposed in a space between the reinforcing layers facing in the cylinder axial direction of the body portion and a hemispherical portion. The layered bonding members have the same bias structure as the reinforcing layers of the body portion. A cord angle of the bonding member is set to ±10° of the cord angle of the reinforcing layers of the body portion. The spaces have a plurality of different sizes. One set of ends of the spaces are set to a plurality of different positions, and the other set of ends are also set to a plurality of different positions.

Provided is a pier scour protection method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture, wherein the method is used for protecting a pier foundation of a sea-crossing or river-crossing bridge from scouring, and when a depth of a local scour hole around the bottom of a pier or a bridge pile reaches a set depth, a downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is laid, and the granular mixture with a specific thickness is laid in the downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure. A downward bivariate normal distribution surface structure for defending and a granular mixture layer for weakening horseshoe-shaped vortexes in a scour hole are organically combined, the bivariate normal distribution surface structure is mainly used for defending the downflow in front of the pier, and the granular mixture layer can weaken the horseshoe-shaped vortexes around the piers.

A frame rail assembly for a boat dock structure includes a frame rail member and a removable resilient rub-rail member. The frame rail member includes a first side configured for securing the frame rail member to a side of the boat dock structure; a second side opposing the first side; a first channel extending along a length of the frame rail member; and a second channel below the first channel, the second channel extending along the length of the frame rail member. An interlocking frame rail system for boat dock structures includes a first frame rail member, a second frame rail member, and an upper connector member extending along at least a portion of a length of the first frame rail member and at least a portion of the length of a second frame rail member.

Embodiments provide a polymeric walkway for mitigating surface water runoff and a method for constructing the same. A polymeric walkway module is secured to a pre-conditioned ground. The polymeric walkway module includes an upper panel, a lower panel, and a plurality of spacers. The upper panel includes a plurality of perforations. The plurality of spacers is positioned between the upper panel and the lower panel defining a hollow space. Surface water permeates through the plurality of perforations and occupies the hollow space during the surface water runoff.

A new civil infrastructure construction scheme is provided that is capable of meeting various objectives, including reducing climate change, addressing labor shortage issues, and enhancing construction productivity. Methods of forming load-bearing structures include placing a first reusable load-bearing element adjacent to a second reusable load-bearing element. The first reusable load-bearing element is fixed with respect to the second reusable load-bearing element without any adhesive or mortar. The first reusable load-bearing element and the second reusable load-bearing element respectively have a compressive strength of greater than or equal to about 25 MPa. The first and second reusable load-bearing elements optionally may be formed by additive manufacturing with a printable cementitious composition, such as an engineered cementitious composite.

Embodiments of the invention are amendments to hot-mix asphalt (“HMA”) which open new price/performance areas to asphalt cement concrete (“ACC”) pavement. Equivalent-performing pavement may be made at lower cost, or higher-performing pavement may be made at equivalent-to-prior-art cost. The amendments, recycled asphalt pavement (“RAP”, and including recycled asphalt shingles [“RAS”]), and reinforcing fiber (aramid fiber) may be adjusted as described herein to achieve a desired price/performance target.

A suctioning watercraft fender attaches to a watercraft while the watercraft is in a mooring state. The watercraft fender may couple a first watercraft to a second watercraft or a first watercraft to a fixed surface. The watercraft fender includes a body defining a longitudinal axis, wherein the body includes first and second opposing ends. The fender further includes a first coupling member coupled to the first end of the body. The first coupling member includes a first suction cup and a first pressure mount actuatable to selectively lock or release the first suction cup from a first surface.

A structural cell system for supporting hardscape, allowing tree root growth, and managing stormwater underneath the hardscape. The system may include: a base having a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of support members interconnecting the receptacles; a plurality of legs each sized and shaped to be attachable to the base within one of the receptacles so as to extend from the base, and to be attachable to another of the legs so that pairs of legs attached to each other collectively extend from the base; and a top attachable to the legs. Outer edges of the base, the top, and the legs attached thereto define a volume, and are configured to support at least that portion of the hardscape overlying the top as well as a commercial vehicle traffic load thereon, while maintaining soil in a substantially uncompacted state throughout at least approximately ninety percent of the volume.