A solar cell includes a first substrate, a first hole transport layer, a first photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound, and a second photoelectric conversion layer containing a photoelectric conversion material in this order. A band gap of the perovskite compound is greater than a band gap of the photoelectric conversion material. With respect to an absorption wavelength of the first photoelectric conversion layer 3, a refractive index n.sub.A of the first hole transport layer 2 satisfies refractive index of the first substrate≤n.sub.A≤refractive index of the first photoelectric conversion layer. Further, with respect to a transmission wavelength of the first photoelectric conversion layer 3 and an absorption wavelength of the second photoelectric conversion layer 5, a refractive index n.sub.B of the first hole transport layer 2 satisfies refractive index of the first substrate≤n.sub.B≤refractive index of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

Present disclosure relates to an assembly for mounting solar panel tiles or other tiles/panels over a roof (surface). Assembly includes C-shaped base frames provided with holes at the bottom for fixing them parallelly over the roof. Rows of tiles are then mounted over two adjacent base frames. Assembly further includes Z-shaped clamping frames for holding the tile which sits and is mounted on the base frames. Clamping frames hold the tile at the top, and the bottom of another tile resting on a previous clamping frame. An area close to the bottom edge of tiles has a layer of adhesive that helps in attaching the bottom edge of tile to the top of a previous clamping frame, thereby making the assembly aesthetically pleasing and leakproof. Another set of holes are provided on the base frames, and clamping frames, to allow cables to pass through them, and provide proper ventilation beneath the assembly.

In some implementations, the power plant may include an array having 200 or more modules. In addition, the array may have conterminous modules. Arrays may include modules having a contact point that rests on the ground or a contact surface of one or more structures. In some implementations, 90% of the power-plant arrays have 800 or more modules. In some plants, the ground supports 90 percent of the conterminous modules. In some plants, neither the plants nor the arrays do not contain stowing functionality or extreme dampening functionality.

A semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell), wherein the photoactive perovskite layer includes at least one polysaccharide-based inert polymer in an amount ranging between 0.5% by weight and 3.5% by weight, preferably ranging between 1% by weight and 3% by weight, more preferably ranging between 1.5% by weight and 2.8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the perovskite precursors. The semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be advantageously used in various applications that require the production of electricity through the exploitation of light energy, in particular solar radiation energy such as, for example: building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems; photovoltaic windows; greenhouses; photo-bioreactors; noise barriers; lighting; design; advertising; automotive industry. Said semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be used either in a “stand alone” mode or in modular systems.

A solar panel system comprising a plurality of joists, and a set of rectangular solar panels, each solar panel supported along opposing sides by two supporting joists. Each joist is formed with a plurality of wedge-shaped recesses, each recess having an end surface and a flat, sloping supporting surface meeting with a bottom edge of the end surface, the plurality of recesses together forming a saw-tooth contour. Each solar panel is received in the recesses of its supporting joists, resting on the supporting surfaces of the recesses with an upper edge of the solar panel meeting the end surfaces of the recesses, such that an upper solar panel has a lower edge which protrudes over an upper edge of a lower solar panel. With this design, the recesses provide guiding and fixation during the mounting, which saves time and ensures a reliable mounting process.

A support structure for solar panels including a frame having a base plate for abutment on a receiving surface, the base plate extending laterally between a first lateral end and a second lateral end; a first supporting plate projecting from the base plate at the first lateral end thereof; a second supporting plate projecting from the base plate at the second lateral end thereof; a first hook-shaped body secured to the first supporting plate for supporting at least one first solar panel; and a second hook-shaped body secured to the second supporting plate for supporting at least one second solar panel.

An abnormality determination system includes a power generation amount measurement unit that measures a power generation amount of the photovoltaic facility; a data acquisition unit that acquires data of a solar radiation amount; a calculation unit that divides a summed value of the power generation amount per day by a summed value of the solar radiation amount per day to calculates a division value; and a data accumulation unit that accumulates a combination of the power generation amount and the solar radiation amount, or the division value, and is configured to determine that there is an abnormality based on a slope of the division values.

To provide a coating material capable of forming a solar cell module excellent in the weather resistance, the power generation efficiency and the design, a cover glass, a solar cell module comprising the cover glass, and an outer wall material for building. The cover glass of the present invention is a cover glass comprising a glass plate and a layer containing a fluorinated polymer having units based on a fluoroolefin, on at least one surface of the glass plate, which has an average visible reflectance of from 10 to 100%, and an average near infrared transmittance of from 20 to 100%.

A system including a plurality of photovoltaic modules and a plurality of roofing shingles installed on a roof deck. Each of the photovoltaic modules includes a plurality of solar cells. Each of the plurality of roofing shingles includes a core layer and a cap layer composed of a first polymer material and having a first surface and a pattern printed on the first surface. The pattern includes a depiction of a plurality of solar cells that extends between the first end and the second end.

A device includes an input converter, an output converter, and a controller. The input converter is electrically coupled to an electrical meter and an energy production array. The output converter is electrically coupled to the energy production array and a load. The controller is communicatively coupled to the input converter, the output converter, the energy production array, and the load. The input converter and the output converter are positioned between the electrical meter and the load.