Disclosed is a hydrocarbon gas reforming supported catalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a catalytic material capable of catalyzing the production of a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from a hydrocarbon gas and a clay support material comprising a clay mineral, wherein the catalytic material is chemically bonded to the clay support material, and wherein the chemical bond is a M1-M2 bond, where M1 is a metal from the catalytic material and M2 is a metal from the clay support material, or the chemical bond is a M1-O bond, where M1 is a metal from the catalytic material and oxygen (O) is from the clay support material, wherein the supported catalyst comprises at least 70% or more by weight of the clay support material.

The invention relates to a urea plant with a CO.sub.2 and a NH.sub.3 feed, which comprises a purge line, characterized in that the purge line is connected with a fuel gas input line of a utility plant or an NH.sub.3 plant.

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas (5) in which hydrocarbon (2) is decomposed thermally in, a first reaction zone (11) to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen formed is passed from the first reaction zone (Z1) into a second action zone (Z2) in order to be reacted therein with carbon dioxide (4) to give water and carbon monoxide. The characteristic feature here is that energy required for the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon is supplied to the first reaction zone (Z1) from the second reaction zone (Z2).

Disclosed herein is a method and a reactor for the conversion of a hydrocarbon gas to syngas. The method and reactor utilizes a oxy-hydrogen flame to partially oxidize hydrocarbon gas to syngas by provide an excess flow of oxygen gas. The oxy-hydrogen flame is generated by a multi-tubular oxy-hydrogen burner.

A system for analysis of vent gas of a urea plant, comprising: a Raman spectroscope; a sampling conduit that connects the spectroscope to a main pipe of the urea plant configured to convey a sample stream to be analysed to the spectroscope; and a temperature-adjusting device, operated by a temperature controller and acting on at least one thermal treatment portion of the conduit configured to adjust the temperature of the sample stream circulating in the conduit.

A process to decompose methane into carbon (graphitic powder) and hydrogen (H.sub.2 gas) without secondary production of carbon dioxide, employing a cycle in which a secondary chemical is recycled and reused, is disclosed.

A process for purifying a diaryl carbonate, comprises introducing an aqueous stream to a diaryl carbonate stream that comprises a metal contaminant, wherein the aqueous stream reacts with the metal contaminant to form a precipitate; wherein introducing the aqueous stream to the diaryl carbonate stream results in introducing 100 to 10,000 ppm water based on the total composition of the diaryl carbonate stream and the aqueous stream; removing the precipitate via one or both of a separation column and a filter to result in a purified diaryl carbonate.

Disclosed is a lanthanide oxide coated catalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a supported catalyst comprising a support material, a catalytic material, and a lanthanide oxide, wherein the lanthanide oxide is attached to at least a portion of the surface of the supported catalyst.

Disclosed are a catalyst for preparing a synthetic gas through dry reforming, a method preparing the catalyst, and a method using the catalyst for preparing the synthetic gas. The catalyst may include: a support including regularly distributed mesopores; metal nanoparticles supported on the support; and a metal oxide coating layer coated on a surface of the support.

A method for producing metal carbonate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps of providing a first mixture of metal and a catalyst containing iron, NO groups, and N-containing ligands first; then introducing carbon dioxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture and obtaining a product. The method described here can improve the yield and decrease the cost of metal carbonate production.