Improvements to the gasifier furnace design and process method to facilitate continuous production of mainly H.sub.2, CO and granulated solid from molten liquid or the liquid slag in the presence of carbonaceous material. It is a method of quenching molten liquid and cooling post quenched hot granulated solid which is done within a long horizontal reaction chamber space of the furnace in the presence of C and H.sub.2O. A moving layer of continuously gas cooled granulated solid protects the moving floor underneath by substantially reducing the possibility of heat transfer from the horizontal reaction chamber to such moving floor and its parts and preventing direct contact between the post quenched hot solid granulates and such moving floor. Such moving floor having plurality of gas passages and is disposed above a plenum that receives gas from outside source and uniformly distributes the gas to pass through all the gas passages.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage for syngas generation and a synthesis stage where the syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The plant does not comprise an external feed of hydrocarbons. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.

The present invention concerns a multifunctional catalyst for the conversion of CO.sub.2 into useful products, such as CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction. The catalyst according to the invention efficiently combined a water sorption functionality with at least one catalytic functionality into a single particle, by having a solid water sorbent impregnated with at least one metal capable of converting CO.sub.2 from a gaseous mixture comprising H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2. The catalyst according to the invention allows for higher selectivity in the conversion of CO.sub.2, at more lenient conditions in terms of temperature and pressure, and improved stability of the catalyst itself. The invention also concerns a process for converting CO.sub.2, utilizing the catalyst and the use of the catalyst in the conversion of CO.sub.2.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

A plant complex may include a unit that produces CO.sub.2-containing gases, a gas conducting system for CO.sub.2-containing gases, a gas/liquid separation system, a reformer that is connected to the gas conducting system and where the CO.sub.2-containing gas reacts with H.sub.2 and/or hydrocarbons to give a CO— and H.sub.2-containing synthesis gas mixture. The reformer is connected to a reactor for producing higher alcohols in which the synthesis gas mixture reacts with H.sub.2 to give a gas/liquid mixture containing higher alcohols. For separating off the alcohols of the gas/liquid mixture, the gas/liquid separation system is connected to the reactor for producing higher alcohols.

Device and process for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is treated notably by means of a fractionation train (4-7), a xylene separation unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2; a reverse water gas shift RWGS reaction section (50) treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section (52) treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water, to produce ethanol and recycle the ethanol to the inlet of the pyrolysis unit.

The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates and optionally polyurethanes by at least: synthesising (1) phosgene (20) from carbon monoxide (21) and chlorine (22); reacting (2) phosgene (20) with diamines (23) to form diisocyanates (24) and hydrogen chloride (25); providing a carbon dioxide gas flow (31); and cleaning (4) the carbon dioxide gas flow (31) of additional components, wherein the carbon dioxide is converted by means of an RWGS reaction (6) to form carbon monoxide (21) and hydrogen (29), which are used as raw materials for the polyurethane production, as well as optionally reacting (3) the diisocyanates (24) with polyether polyol (35a) and/or polyester polyol (35b) to form polyurethanes (37).

Soot removal process at or inside a synthesis gas- and/or CO-containing gas production apparatus using as feed gases carbon dioxide, steam, hydrogen and/or a hydrocarbon-containing residual gas and using electrical energy in RWGS processes, electrolyses for electrochemical decomposition of carbon dioxide and/or steam, reforming operations and/or synthesis gas production processes with at least one gas production unit, an electrolysis stack and/or a heater-reactor combination for performing an RWGS reaction and at least one cooling sector/recuperator for CO-containing gas and/or synthesis gas, and also a soot removal assembly. Formation of soot can be suppressed or prevented during gas cooling and soot that is nevertheless deposited can be removed again from the heat exchanger surface.

Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

-- An electrolysis cell unit capable of efficiently electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide is obtained. An electrolysis cell unit includes at least an electrolysis cell in which an electrode layer and a counter electrode layer are formed with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween and a discharge path for discharging hydrogen generated in the electrode layer, in which the electrolysis cell being formed in a thin layer on a support and a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit that generates carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide and the hydrogen by a reverse water-gas shift reaction being provided in at least a portion of the discharge path.--