Provided is a method for upgrading a bio-based material, the method including the steps of pre-treating bio-renewable oil(s) and/or fat(s) to provide a bio-based fresh feed material, hydrotreating the bio-based fresh feed material, followed by separation, to provide a bio-propane composition.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen is used in many different chemical and industrial processes. Hydrogen is also an important fuel for future transportation and other uses as it does not generate any carbon dioxide emissions when used. The invention provides for a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon to obtain a synthesis gas, providing the synthesis gas to a reactor in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide, removing the carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen. The carbon dioxide is used in a chemical process and/or stored in a geological reservoir.

The present invention relates to a system for producing synthetic fuels, in particular jet fuel (kerosene), gasoline and/or diesel, comprising: a) an apparatus for separately extracting carbon dioxide and water from ambient air, b) a synthesis gas production apparatus for producing a raw synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water, the synthesis gas production apparatus having a supply line for carbon dioxide leading from the apparatus for separately extracting carbon dioxide and water from ambient air, a supply line for air and a supply line for water, c) a separating apparatus for separating carbon dioxide and water from the raw synthesis gas produced in the synthesis gas production apparatus, d) a Fischer-Tropsch apparatus for producing hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch process from the synthesis gas from which carbon dioxide and water were separated in the separating apparatus, e) a refining apparatus for refining the hydrocarbons produced in the Fischer-Tropsch apparatus into synthetic fuels, f) a desalination apparatus for desalinating water, the desalination apparatus having a water supply line from the apparatus for separately extracting carbon dioxide and water from ambient air and a water discharge line to the Fischer-Tropsch apparatus, and g) a water purification apparatus, which comprises a water supply line leading from the Fischer-Tropsch apparatus for purifying water produced therein, the system further comprising a pre-reformer for converting hydrocarbons other than methane into methane, carbon oxides, water and hydrogen and i) a water vapor supply line leading from the water purification apparatus to the pre-reformer, ii) a process gas supply line leading from the refining apparatus to the pre-reformer and/or a return gas line leading from the Fischer-Tropsch apparatus to the pre-reformer and iii) a circulation line leading from the pre-reformer to the supply line for water connected to the synthesis gas production apparatus.

The present invention relates to a process for CO.sub.2 capture and production of CO. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for CO.sub.2 capture and production of CO. An object of the present invention is to provide a sustainable process for the capture CO.sub.2 and convert it into CO. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the direct production of valuable chemicals through capture and conversion of CO.sub.2.

A plant and a method for the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate. The plant includes a gasifier, a reformer, a direct contact exchanger and an apparatus for the production of bicarbonate. The plant is suitable for receiving fuel, oxygen, water, carbonate, brine at the inlet and for producing hydrogen, bicarbonate and calcium chloride at the outlet. The plant uses a self-cleaning direct contact heat exchanger to cool the syngas downstream of the reformer and to produce the superheated steam that feeds the gasifier: this heat exchanger allows the production of hydrogen at low costs and in modular plants.

The present invention describes an integrated process for carbon dioxide capture, sequestration and utilisation, which comprises: a) providing an aqueous slurry comprising an aqueous solution and a particulate solid comprising an activated magnesium silicate mineral; b) in a dissolution stage, contacting a CO.sub.2-containing gas stream with the aqueous slurry to dissolve magnesium from the mineral to provide a magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution and a magnesium depleted solid residue; c) recovering at least a portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue; d) in a separate acid treatment stage, reacting the recovered portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue with a solution comprising a mineral acid or acid salt to further dissolve magnesium and other metals and to provide an acid-treated solid residue; e) recovering the acid-treated solid residue; and f) in a separate precipitation stage, precipitating magnesium carbonate from the magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution.

Disclosed herein is a method for making hydrogen with carbon sequestration. The method may comprise using a biomass hydroconverter product to fuel a steam reformer that converts a hydrocarbon fuel stream into a gas mixture that contains at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The gas stream is separated to form a hydrogen-enriched gas stream and at least one hydrogen-depleted stream. The hydrogen-depleted stream may be stored or further processed to sequester the carbon contained therein. Additionally, or alternatively, the solid residue from the biomass hydroconverter also may be stored for further sequester carbon generated by the method.

A process and apparatus for producing syngas from low grade coal and from a biomass wherein the process includes (i) gasification of a mixture of low grade coal and biomass, (ii) reforming the gasified mixture, and (iii) removing CO.sub.2 from the gasified and reformed syngas mixture.

A method/system for sequestering carbon dioxide from cement and lime production facilities wherein carbon dioxide from flue gases originating from cement or lime production facilities is recovered and transported to a building materials production facility where it is sequestered.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide.