A charger for an aerosol delivery device is provided. The charger comprises a housing, a connected coupled to the housing, and a power supply. The connector may be coupled to the housing and configured to engage a control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device. The power supply may comprise a supercapacitor within the housing, connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, and configured to provide power to recharge the power source. The power source may also comprise a photovoltaic cell coupled to the housing, and connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.

A heat storage system using sand as a solid heat storage medium has a fluidized bed heat exchanger (3) arranged between and separated from a storage tank (1) for cold sand and a storage tank (2) for hot sand by weirs (4, 5). The heat exchanger (3) is divided into a plurality of chambers (7) by weirs (6). The weirs (4, 5, 6) are arranged as a combination of overflow and underflow weirs. Fluidized sand is produced in the chambers (7) by a blower (14) positioned underneath the heat exchanger (3). Heat is transferred from a heat source to the sand fluidized and from the fluidized sand to a heat transport medium by transferring mechanisms (8, 9) in the chambers (7). The sand is redirected in a horizontal direction by horizontally acting blowers and/or installations (12) projecting into a respective chamber from a side.

An energy management system that includes a power generating device, bidirectional DC-DC converter, and inverter connected to an HVDC bus. A gain of a voltage change to a current change in the bidirectional DC-DC converter is equal to the gain in the inverter. When an output power of the inverter or the bidirectional DC-DC converter varies in response to a variation in an output current of the power generating device, the energy management system can control the output power of the inverter to conform to a target value by adjusting an offset of gain characteristics of the bidirectional DC-DC converter to gain characteristics of the inverter. As a result, the energy management system is capable of stabilizing the output power of the inverter.

According to an embodiment, disclosed are a DC-DC converter for compensating for a ripple, in a solar linked energy storage system, and a control method thereof. In particular, disclosed is a DC-DC converter for compensating for a ripple generated in a DC link where a single phase inverter and a converter are connected. The DC-DC converter may obtain a frequency of a grid to compensate for the ripple.

A hybrid power storage apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery configured to store first electric power supplied to an electric power system and second electric power supplied therefrom; an electric power conversion unit configured to convert the first electric power into an alternating current (AC) power and the second electric power into a direct current (DC) power; and a control unit configured to receive electric power information of the electric power system from a server, and control the battery and the electric power conversion unit to supply electric power to the electric power system or to receive electric power supplied therefrom based on a magnitude or a frequency of electric power included in the received electric power information.

A method is provided for controlling a power network that includes a plurality of power generation facilities connected to an electricity grid and a plurality of power storage facilities connected to the power generation facilities. The method includes monitoring a production capacity of the power generation facilities, monitoring a storage capacity of the power storage facilities and determining an optimal facility control plan on the basis of the storage capacity and the production capacity. The method further includes operating the power network, according to the facility control plan, to feed power from the power generation facilities into the electricity grid and/or to transfer power from the power generation facilities to the power storage facilities and/or to consume power from the power storage facilities.

An integrated renewable energy source (RES) and energy storage system (ESS) facility configured to supply power to an AC electrical grid includes energy storage system capacity and inverter capacity that are larger than a point of grid interconnect (POGI) limit for the facility, enabling high capacity factors and production profiles that match a desired load. At least one first DC-AC power inverter is associated with RES, and at least one second AC-DC power inverter is associated with the ESS. AC-DC conversion is used when charging the ESS with RES AC electric power, and DC-AC conversion utility is used when discharging ESS AC electric power to the electric grid. Aggregate DC-AC inverter utility exceeds the facility POGI limit, and excess RES AC electric power may be diverted to the second inverter(s).

A power storage system includes a power generation element that performs environmental power generation, a first storage battery that receives power generated by the power generation element and supplies the power to a load device, a second storage battery that has a capacitance smaller than that of the first storage battery and is connected in series with the first storage battery, a first switcher that is connected in parallel to the second storage battery, short-circuits both terminals of the second storage battery in a closed state, and releases a short-circuited state of the second storage battery in an open state, and a switching unit that controls the opened and closed states of the first switcher.

A power storage management system, a power storage apparatus, a power storage management method are provided. The power storage management system includes a receiver part, a sender identifying part, a memory part and a deterioration degree estimating part. The sender identifying part identifies an external apparatus that transmitted a control signal received by the receiver part. The memory part stores apparatus information related to the external apparatus identified by the sender identifying part and power storage status information related to the status change of the power storage apparatus caused by charging or discharging performed according to the control signal transmitted from the external apparatus. The deterioration degree estimating part estimates the deterioration degree of the power storage apparatus to which a charge/discharge control is performed according to the control signal transmitted from the sender apparatus based on the apparatus information and the power storage status information.

A direct current power system. The direct current power system includes a direct current bus system, a solar power system, an energy storage system, a wind power system, a rectifier system and an inverter system. The solar power system includes a plurality of solar panels, is electrically coupled to the energy storage system and is configured to supply a first direct current power at 48 volts. The energy storage system includes a plurality of battery stacks and is configured to supply a second direct current power at 380 volts to the direct current bus system. The wind power system includes at least one wind turbine assembly and is configured to supply a third direct current power at 380 volts to the direct current bus system. The rectifier system is configured to supply a fourth direct current power at 380 volts to the direct current bus system.