Provided is a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system comprises: a reformer that reforms fuel; a reformed fuel storage unit that receives the reformed fuel from the reformer and stores same; a fuel cell stack that generates electric power and heat by using the reformed fuel; a boiler unit that provides heating by using heating water, a battery unit that stores the electric power generated in the fuel cell stack; and a control unit that controls the operations of the reformer, the reformed fuel storage unit, the fuel cell stack, the boiler unit, and the battery unit, wherein the control unit controls the reformer to operate using the heating water of the boiler unit when the temperature of the heating water of the boiler unit is higher than a first baseline and the stored amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel storage unit is equal to or less than a second baseline.

Provided is a power generation planning apparatus that prevents excess or shortage of required fuel and improves economic efficiency by considering an excess or shortage amount of required fuel caused by an error in forecast such as demand forecast, thermal power output of a thermal power generation plan, fuel trading in a fuel market, and a change in destination of a fuel ship. The power generation planning apparatus includes: a fuel-unconsidered power generation planning unit that constructs an operation plan for output and operation and stop of a power generator according to demand and supply forecast in a power system without considering fuel used in the power generator; a fuel consumption transition calculation unit that calculates transition of fuel consumption based on the operation plan; a market/ship allocation/thermal power output adjustment planning unit that considers economic efficiency to determine, under a constraint that a remaining amount of fuel satisfies a predetermined range based on the calculated fuel consumption, at least one of ship allocation including a route of a fuel ship, a trading amount in a fuel market, a power sales amount in a power market, and an adjustment amount of output of the power generator; and a fuel-considered power generation planning unit that constructs a power generation plan based on an adjustment amount of a fuel consumption amount, which is based on the power sales amount in the power market and the adjustment amount of the output of the power generator, and the transition of fuel consumption obtained by the fuel-unconsidered power generation planning unit.

A method for determining synchronization transient stability of a power system and an electronic device are provided. The synchronous energy function corresponding to the power system model is determined; the synchronization convergence region is determined according to the synchronization energy function; it is determined whether the power system is transient stable according to the synchronization convergence region and the initial value of power system after fault; and adjusting parameters of the power system in response to determining that the power system is transient unstable.

A method of constructing and predicting a power prediction model of a multi-energy combined power generation system is provided. The method includes the following steps: acquiring historical generated power data and corresponding meteorological factors of each power generation mode in the multi-energy combined power generation system, and inputting the historical generated power data and corresponding meteorological factors into a preset network model to calculate the generated power correlation between any two of a plurality of power generation modes; constructing a loss function using the correlation and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient corresponding to each power generation mode, and using the historical generated power data of each power generation mode and the meteorological factors corresponding to the historical generated power data as training data, training the preset network model until preset training conditions are met and the corresponding power prediction model of the multi-energy combined power generation system is obtained.

Systems, methods, and messages of the present invention provides IP-based messages associated with the grid elements, wherein each IP-based message includes an internet protocol (IP) packet that is generated autonomously and/or automatically by the grid elements, intelligent messaging hardware associated with the grid elements, at least one coordinator, and/or a server associated with the electric power grid and its operation, energy settlement, and/or financial settlement for electricity provided or consumed, transmitted, and/or curtailed or reduced. The IP packet preferably includes a content including raw data and/or transformed data, a priority associated with the IP-based message, a security associated with the IP packet, and/or a transport route for communicating the IP-based message via the network.

A power system management device which manages a system state in a power system includes a system state candidate calculation unit for calculating state amounts of the system state based on an objective function from system characteristic information indicating characteristic information of a system structure, an inter-state distance calculation unit for calculating an inter-state distance representing a similarity of values between state amounts of the system state calculated by the system state candidate calculation unit, and a variability evaluation value calculation unit for calculating a variability evaluation value in which a variability of the system state is evaluated, based on an objective function value calculated from the state amount of the system state calculated by the system state candidate calculation unit and the inter-state distance calculated by the inter-state distance calculation unit. The system state is selected based on the calculated variability evaluation value.

Apparatuses, components and methods are provided herein useful to provide assistance to customers and/or workers in a shopping facility. In some embodiments, a shopping facility personal assistance system comprises: a plurality of motorized transport units located in and configured to move through a shopping facility space; a plurality of user interface units, each corresponding to a respective motorized transport unit during use of the respective motorized transport unit; and a central computer system having a network interface such that the central computer system wirelessly communicates with one or both of the plurality of motorized transport units and the plurality of user interface units, wherein the central computer system is configured to control movement of the plurality of motorized transport units through the shopping facility space based at least on inputs from the plurality of user interface units.

A system that serves a space includes one or more data sources that provide utilization data describing an actual utilization of the space and circuitry configured to calculate a utilization attribute of the space based on the utilization data and retrieve, from a space profile for the space, a utilization target corresponding to the utilization attribute. The space profile is selected from a plurality of selectable space profiles defining a plurality of target utilizations. The circuitry is also configured to generate a normalized utilization metric for the space by normalizing the utilization attribute relative to the utilization target and generate a recommendation for the space based on the normalized utilization metric.

An energy storage system for a building includes a battery asset configured to store electricity and discharge the stored electricity for use in satisfying a building electric load. The system includes a planning tool configured to identify one or more selected functionalities of the energy storage system and generate a cost function defining a cost of operating the energy storage system over an optimization period. The cost function includes a term for each of the selected functionalities. The planning tool is configured to generate optimization constraints based on the selected functionalities, attributes of the battery asset, and the electric energy load to be satisfied. The planning tool is configured to optimize the cost function to determine optimal power setpoints for the battery asset at each of a plurality of time steps of the optimization period.

Systems and methods for predicting forward market pricing for renewable energy credit based on human behavioral data are disclosed. An example transaction-enabling system may include a forward market circuit to access a forward energy credit market and a market forecasting circuit to automatically generate a forecast for a forward market price of an energy credit in the forward energy credit market where the forecast is based at least in part on a human behavior information collected from at least one human behavioral data source. The example system may further include wherein the energy credit includes a renewable energy credit associated with a renewable energy system, and a smart contract circuit to perform at least one of selling the renewable energy credit or purchasing the renewable energy credit on the forward energy credit market in response to the forecasted forward market price of the energy credit.