A rare earth permanent magnet that is high in residual magnetization and coercivity is obtained and includes R and T. A main phase of crystal grains having an Nd.sub.5Fe.sub.17 type crystal structure is included. In an X-ray diffraction profile drawn by performing an XRD measurement for a rare earth permanent magnet, peaks of detected intensity are present in specific ranges. In which the detected intensity of the peak with the highest detected intensity in the range of 41.60<2()<42.80 is set as , the detected intensity of the peak with the highest detected intensity in the range of 34.38<2()<34.64 is set as , and the detected intensity of the peak with the highest detected intensity in the range of 38.70<2()<41.20 is set as , 0.38</<0.70 and 0.45</<0.70 are established. The peak with the highest detected intensity in the range of 34.38<2()<34.64 is a peak derived from the Nd.sub.5Fe.sub.17 type crystal structure.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for a wound transformer core. The steel sheet having a sheet thickness t, where t and an iron loss deterioration ratio obtained by subjecting the steel sheet under elliptic magnetization satisfy the following relations: (i) when t?0.20 mm, the iron loss deterioration ratio is 60% or less; (ii) when 0.20 mm<t<0.27 mm, the iron loss deterioration ratio is 55% or less; and (iii) when 0.27 mm?t, the iron loss deterioration ratio is 50% or less. The iron loss deterioration ratio is calculated from ((W.sub.A?W.sub.B)/W.sub.B)?100, where W.sub.A is iron loss under 50 Hz elliptic magnetization of 1.7 T in a rolling direction and 0.6 T in a direction orthogonal to the rolling direction, and W.sub.B is iron loss under 50 Hz alternating magnetization of 1.7 T in the rolling direction.

A magnetic sheet includes a sheet, line-shaped N first magnetic members arranged on the sheet and having magnetic properties, and line-shaped N second magnetic members arranged on the sheet and having magnetic properties, where N denotes the number of the first magnetic members and denotes the number of the second magnetic members.

Articles, devices and machines are disclosed for initiating structural changes based on material magnetic properties to cause self-adjustment to improve the operation or function of structures, devices or machines. In one aspect, a device exhibiting a self-healing property to repair a damage, the device including a device structure over which magnetic microparticles are dispersed to impart a self-healing ability to enable the device structure, once damaged to have a broken portion, to self-repair based on magnetic attraction of the dispersed magnetic microparticles to cause re-attachment of the broken portion.

A soft magnetic alloy includes a main component of (Fe.sub.(1-(+))X1.sub.X2.sub.).sub.(1-(a+b+c+d+e+f+g))M.sub.aB.sub.bP.sub.cSi.sub.dC.sub.eS.sub.fTi.sub.g. X1 is one or more of Co and Ni. X2 is one or more of Al, Mn, Ag, Zn, Sn, As, Sb, Cu, Cr, Bi, N, O, and rare earth elements. M is one or more of Nb, Hf, Zr, Ta, Mo, W, and V. 0.020a0.14 is satisfied. 0.020<b0.20 is satisfied. 0d0.060 is satisfied. 0f0.010 is satisfied. 0g0.0010 is satisfied. 0 is satisfied. 0 is satisfied. 0+0.50 is satisfied. At least one or more off and g are larger than zero. c and e are within a predetermined range. The soft magnetic alloy has a nanohetero structure or a structure of Fe based nanocrystallines.

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic shielding sheet capable of improving reliability. Particularly, the present invention provides a composite magnetic sheet for electromagnetic shielding structured such that an independent soft magnetic sheet, which has a low surface roughness, is laminated on the outermost surface of a soft magnetic sheet having a lamination structure, thereby implementing laminated composite sheets having different surface roughness or porosity characteristics; as a result, the reliability in an external hazardous environment, such as saline water, can be substantially enhanced while maintaining the efficiency of electromagnetic shielding.

The present invention provides a multilayer coil electronic component having improved inductance L, Q, and strength. The multilayer coil electronic component has an element in which a coil conductor and a magnetic element body are stacked. The magnetic element body includes soft magnetic metal particles and a resin. The resin fills a space between the soft magnetic metal particles. Each of soft magnetic metal particles has a soft magnetic metal particle core and an oxide film covering the soft magnetic metal particle core. A layer of the oxide film contacting the soft magnetic metal particle core is made of an oxide including Si.

A physical unclonable function (PUF) apparatus having magnetic particles is disclosed. The magnetic field data and the image view of the magnetic particles in the PUF apparatus are difficult to counterfeit. A PUF apparatus may be incorporated into a user-replaceable supply item for an imaging device. Further, a PUF reader may be incorporated into an imaging device to read the PUF. Other systems are disclosed.

A method of producing nanoparticles comprises effecting conversion of a molecular cluster compound to the material of the nanoparticles. The molecular cluster compound comprises a first ion and a second ion to be incorporated into the growing nanoparticles. The conversion can be effected in the presence of a second molecular cluster compound comprising a third ion and a fourth ion to be incorporated into the growing nanoparticles, under conditions permitting seeding and growth of the nanoparticles via consumption of a first molecular cluster compound.

An inductor built-in substrate includes a core substrate having an opening and a first through hole formed therein, a magnetic resin filling the opening of the core substrate and having a second through hole formed therein, a first through-hole conductor including a metal film formed in the first through hole of the core substrate, and a second through-hole conductor including a metal film formed in the second through hole of the magnetic resin. The magnetic resin includes a resin material and magnetic particles such that the metal film of the second through-hole conductor is in contact with the magnetic particles.