Provided is a gas filling system capable of further improving SOC of a gas tank. A gas filling system includes a gas tank and a gas station. The gas station includes a gas feed line, a gas return line, a gas circulation pump configured to circulate the gas between the gas tank and the gas station through the gas feed line and the gas return line, and a precooler configured to cool the gas fed from the gas station to the gas tank through the gas feed line. The gas is supplied from the gas station to the gas tank while the gas cooled by the gas precooler to a temperature lower than a heat resistant temperature of the gas tank is being circulated between the gas tank and the gas station.

A leak detection assembly includes a leak detection sensor mountable on a surface of a component of a water infrastructure system; and a communications device mountable on the component, the leak detection sensor connected to the communications device, the communications device including an antenna, wherein the communications device is a component of an infrastructure monitoring system. A leak detection system includes a component of a water infrastructure system; a leak detection sensor mounted on a surface of the component; and a communications device positioned in proximity to the component and connected to the leak detection sensor, the communications device including an antenna, wherein the communications device is a component of an infrastructure monitoring system.

A system for registering resource stations for vehicle energizing that may be used to energize vehicles. A database stores subscriber data relating to subscribers registered with the system and resource station data relating to registered resource stations for vehicle energizing that have been located by a reporting entity. A server provides a resource station management system that receives the resource station data for a resource station for vehicle energizing from the reporting entity, registers the resource station for vehicle energizing with the resource station management system if the resource outlet for vehicle energizing has not previously been registered and stores the resource station data for the resource station for vehicle energizing in the database. The server is further configured to receive a search request for a useable resource station for vehicle energizing from a subscriber, the search request including location information defining an area of search for the useable resource station for vehicle energizing, locate at least one resource station for vehicle energizing within the area of search that is registered with the resource station management system and provide a location of the at least one resource station for vehicle energizing located within the area of search to the subscriber. A network interface for connecting the server to a network for receiving the resource station data and the search request.

The present invention provides a process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon mixture, said process comprising: i) dividing said heavy hydrocarbon mixture into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein said first portion comprises 10-45% wt of the heavy hydrocarbon mixture and said second portion comprises 90-55% wt of the heavy hydrocarbon mixture; ii) thermally upgrading said first portion of heavy hydrocarbon mixture in an upgrader to produce a lighter hydrocarbon mixture; and iii) mixing said lighter hydrocarbon mixture with a heavy hydrocarbon mixture to produce an upgraded hydrocarbon mixture, wherein, on entry to said upgrader, the composition of said first portion of heavy hydrocarbon mixture is identical to that of said second portion of heavy hydrocarbon mixture.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process.

A method and system for supplying additional hydrogen from a reservoir of stored hydrogen in a salt cavern to a hydrogen pipeline to assist in meeting customer demand for hydrogen is provided. Contaminants introduced while the stored hydrogen stream is in the salt cavern may cause the crude hydrogen stream to not have the required product purity specification. The stored hydrogen is removed from the salt cavern as a crude hydrogen stream and thereafter diluted with higher purity hydrogen formed from the pipeline to form a hydrogen product stream at or below the product purity specification. The hydrogen product can be formed without removal of any of the contaminants in the crude stream, thereby creating a more cost effective and simplified supply process compared to conventional processes employing a salt cavern for hydrogen supply.

A top plate is provided with a top plate rotation mechanism configured to rotate the top plate in a horizontal plane. An outside cup peripheral case disposed around a cup is configured to move between an upper position, in which a top end of the cylinder is positioned above the cup, and a lower position located below the upper position. A nozzle support arm configured to support a nozzle is moved, in a horizontal direction, between an advanced position, in which the arm is advanced into the outside cup peripheral case via a side opening formed in a side surface of the outside cup peripheral case when the cylinder is located in the upper position, and a retracted position, in which the arm is retracted outward from the outside cup peripheral case.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous fluid comprises water. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process. The metal silicide in any of these methods may be alkali metal silicide or another metal silicide.