A device and method of controlling an electrode and electrolytic cell are provided, which independently utilizes clean energy with large power fluctuation range as an electrolysis power source for hydrogen and oxygen production. The basic number of electrodes is set by the minimum cut-in voltage value of fluctuating power sources such as wind or solar power. According to fluctuating power sources such as wind or solar power, the ratio of the minimum cut-in current and the reference current corresponding to the lowest cut-in voltage value sets the effective size of the electrodes to be connected in or cut out.

A method for obtaining a product by electrolysis, including: a) determining a set point for a production output by minimizing a first mathematical function, which depends on the production output and on a predicted product demand; b) determining respective set points for multiple process parameters by minimizing a second mathematical function, which depends on the set point for the production output determined in a), on the process parameters and on predicted degradation effects; c) determining respective set points for changes of multiple control parameters by minimizing a third mathematical function, which depends on the set points for the process parameters determined in b) and on the changes of the control parameters; and d) obtaining the product by performing the electrolysis using the set points for the changes of the control parameters determined in c).

The present invention relates to: oxygen carrier particles having a metal oxide-perovskite core-shell structure; and a chemical-looping thermochemical water/carbon dioxide splitting process using the same. By using the oxygen carrier particles having a metal oxide-perovskite core-shell structure in the chemical-looping thermochemical water/carbon dioxide splitting process, it is possible to produce hydrogen/carbon monoxide from water/carbon dioxide in high yield by efficiently overcoming the disadvantages of conventionally used oxygen carrier particles.

An electrolysis system includes at least one H.sub.2O electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen; and at least one CO.sub.2 electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The electrolysis system includes a co-electrolysis apparatus that co-electrolyzes water and carbon dioxide to produce less hydrogen per unit time than produced by the at least one H.sub.2O electrolysis apparatus and less carbon monoxide per unit time than produced by the at least one CO.sub.2 electrolysis apparatus.

A controller and an operation control method for electrolysis stack module powered by a renewable energy power generation device and an electrolysis system using the same, the controller being configured to control power supply by receiving the power supply from a renewable energy generator and distributing the power supply to n (n≥2) electrolysis stacks, wherein, the controller is configured to determine whether or not to drive each electrolysis stack according to stack driving conditions, no less than two, determined on the basis of a preset minimum amount of operating power supply for each electrolysis stack, and the stack driving conditions are ranges of an amount of the power supply in which on/off of the electrolysis stacks is predetermined, and the controller is configured to control driving of the electrolysis stacks according to the stack driving conditions corresponding to the amount of supplied power from the renewable energy generator.

One aspect of the invention provides a photoelectrochemical device including at least one electrochemical cell comprising an anode electrode and a cathode electrode; and a photovoltaic module integrated with the at least one electrochemical cell and adapted for converting energy of photons to electrical energy for driving the at least one electrochemical cell to facilitate redox reactions therein.

An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

The present application is generally directed to gas storage materials such as activated carbon comprising enhanced gas adsorption properties. The gas storage materials find utility in any number of gas storage applications. Methods for making the gas storage materials are also disclosed.

A reaction device comprising: a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied; a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied; a hydrogen permeable membrane that separates the first flow path and the second flow path and allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path; and a catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and promotes oxidation reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconium oxide membrane.