Disclosed are methods of using a hot oxygen generator to respond to changes in the characteristic of the feed to a partial oxidation reactor.

A reactor for reforming a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a two stage process is disclosed in which a first reactor is coupled to a second stage reactor having a reaction volume greater than the first reactor. In the first reactor, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is partially reformed and thereafter is inputted into the second stage reactor for complete partial oxidation. The reaction product is at last partially synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, as well as other low hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, ethane, and acetylene. The low hydrocarbons can be reformed further in a solid oxide fuel cell. A portion of the gaseous, rotating contents of the second stage reactor may be input into the first reactor to help generate and sustain rotation within the first reactor.

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.

The present invention concerns the production and use of feedstock streams. Specifically, the present invention provides a process for the production of a commodity using two or more feedstock streams. Each feedstock stream is processed into a common intermediate and subsequently processed into a final product, such as electrical energy, a liquid fuel or a liquefied fuel, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, synthetic gasoline, diesel, kerosene, or jet fuel. The common intermediate may be synthetic gas (syngas), producer gas or pyrolysis gas.

The present invention relates to a dosing apparatus for dosing a good, in particular a good to be dried such as a fermentation substrate or dung, comprising a conveyor for conveying a good to be dried in a conveying direction, wherein the good to be dried may be fed onto the conveyor by a feeding system and wherein the conveyor may deliver the good to be dried to a downstream unit such as a drying apparatus, and a control unit designed to control a conveying speed of the conveyor, wherein the conveyor is pivotally arranged about a vertical swivel axis, characterized in that the control unit is arranged and designed to control an oscillating movement, preferably a speed, in particular an angular speed, and/or a frequency of the oscillating movement, of the conveyor about the swivel axis.

Processes for producing ethylene-based polymers and oligomers from ethanol include the steps of contacting the ethanol and a catalyst to produce a reaction mixture containing ethylene, wherein a first portion of the ethanol is derived from a biomass and a second portion of the ethanol is derived from a plastic, a mixed solid waste stream, or a combination thereof, separating at least a portion of the ethylene from the reaction mixture, and contacting ethylene with a suitable polymerization or oligomerization catalyst composition to produce the ethylene polymer or ethylene oligomers. A related process for producing ethylene-based polymers and oligomers uses a first ethylene feed derived from ethanol and a second ethylene feed derived from a plastic, a mixed solid waste stream, or a combination thereof.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A plant enhancer includes a ferrocenyl polymer composition, a polyaryl ether nitrile-carbonyl iron magnetic material, silica nanoparticles, and an amino acid powder.

A plant growth regulator includes a ferrocenyl polymer composition, a polyaryl ether nitrile—carbonyl iron magnetic material, a deep-sea polysaccharide composition, silica nanoparticles, and an amino acid powder.

A bioreactor (1, 2, 3) and its use for the conversion of organic residual and/or waste materials into an organic nutrient solution with a proportion of at least 10% plant-accessible mineralised nitrogen relative to the total nitrogen content of the nutrient solution, with a reaction tank (5), where the reaction tank (5) has an input feed (6) through which suspension (4) can be introduced into the reaction tank (5), and where the reaction tank (5) has an outlet feed (7), through which the suspension (4) can be discharged from the reaction tank (5), where the carrier element (10) has at least one inner and one outer settlement surface (11), on which ammonifying and/or nitrifying bacteria can collect.