Disclosed herein are polymers, copolymers and polymer systems based on polypropiolactones which can be biodegradable and can enhance the recyclability of polymer systems, which can be functionalized to introduce desired functionality into the polymers and/or which may optionally be prepared from renewable raw materials. Disclosed are novel functionalized beta propiolactones. Some of the novel functionalized beta propiolactones have functional groups bound to the ring structure of the lactone that provide improved polymer systems. Disclosed are novel homopolymers of the functionalized beta propiolactones. Disclosed are novel copolymers based on the functionalized beta propiolactones with beta propiolactone or other monomers which copolymerize with the functionalized beta propiolactones.

A method of forming a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mixture with talc includes: providing a feed of PET (PET feed); providing a feed of talc (talc feed); mixing the feed of PET with the feed of talc in a mixer at a PET:talc ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:3 to form a PET/talc mixture; and providing the PET/talc mixture as output. A method of forming a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) alloy having talc includes: providing a feed of the PET/talc mixture (PET/talc feed); providing a feed of PET (PET feed); mixing the feed of PET with the feed of PET/talc in a mixer to form a PET alloy having from about 1% (w/w) talc to about 50% talc (w/w); and providing the PET alloy as output.

Provided are a method for producing a fluoroethane, which is the desired product, with high selectivity; and a method for producing a fluoroolefin. The production method according to the present disclosure comprises obtaining a product comprising a fluoroethane represented by CX.sup.1X.sup.2FCX.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5 (wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom; and at least one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom) from a fluoroethylene by a reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst in at least one reactor. The reaction is performed by introducing a starting material gas comprising the fluoroethylene into the reactor, and the water content in the starting material gas is 150 ppm by mass or less based on the total mass of the starting material gas.

Compounds and compositions comprising compounds that modulate pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) are described herein. Also described herein are methods of using the compounds that modulate PKM2 in the treatment of cancer.

A compound which is either A: ##STR00001##
or B: ##STR00002##
and salts and solvates thereof, as well as their conjugates with a cell-binding agent.

A coating material for the production of a UV-curing primer coating. The coating material includes 60 to 80 wt.-% of at least one difunctional, alcoxylated acrylate monomer, 5 to 15 wt.-% of at least one acrylate oligomer, 5 to 15 wt.-% of at least one carbonyl-functional acrylate and/or at least one methacrylate oligomer or 5 to 15 wt.-% of at least one polyethylene glycol acrylate and/or at least one polyethylene glycol methacrylate, and 1 to 10 wt.-% of at least one photoinitiator, each based on a total weight of the coating material.

According to an embodiment, the pH of a diisocyanate composition and a diamine hydrochloride composition used in the preparation of an optical lens is adjusted to a specific range, whereby it is possible to enhance not only the yield and purity of the diisocyanate composition but also the optical characteristics of the final optical lens by suppressing the striae and cloudiness. Specifically, according to the process of the embodiment, the amount of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution introduced to the reaction may be adjusted to control the pH of the diisocyanate composition to a desired range, thereby enhancing the yield and purity. Accordingly, the process for preparing a diisocyanate composition according to the embodiment can be applied to the preparation of a plastic optical lens of high quality.

The invention provides a process for regenerating a catalyst used for the ring hydrogenation of an aromatic species, especially an aromatic ester, wherein a gas stream containing a particular amount of oxygen is used for the regeneration.

Disclosed is a method for depolymerization of polyester. The method includes (a) treating said polyester with methanol under conditions sufficient to depolymerize at least some of said polyester and form a reaction product that includes dimethyl terephthalate and at least one diol; and (b) converting the diol to a compound substantially non-reactive with said with dimethyl terephthalate and the polyester. A method for producing a cyclic carbonate is also described.

This specification discloses non-aqueous solvent, pigmented ink formulations that are suitable for the electronic and aerospace industries and form printed marks that are resistant to smearing and dissolution by organic solvents commonly used in overcoatings in this industry and others. These ink formulations are based on use of an acidic resin with an inherent acid value of at least about 25 mg KOH/g, preferably at least partially neutralized by a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol amine acid neutralizing or modifying agent.