The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor capable of converting carbon dioxide contained in flue gas into an aqueous bicarbonate solution that may be used in many applications; and at the same time, preventing back pressure from increasing due to supplied flue gas by allowing a conversion process to rapidly proceed, thereby significantly reducing the level of carbon dioxide contained in flue gas with high efficiency and high conversion speed, a series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide including the carbon dioxide conversion reactor, and a process of converting and capturing carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide conversion reactor.

The method of the disclosure comprises fermenting a gas substrate and a microorganism to generate a fermentation broth comprising the microorganism and the target component; passing the fermentation broth to a separation unit having an ion exchange resin in a continuous ion exchange simulated moving bed; selectively retaining the target component through ion exchange with the resin while passing the microorganism through the bed; regenerating the ion exchange resin; and recovering the target component. Alternatively, the fermentation broth is passed to a first separation zone to separate and recycle a first portion of the fermentation broth comprising the microorganism to the bioreactor and then a second portion of the fermentation broth is passed to a second separation zone comprising ion exchange resin which selectively retains the target component through ion exchange with the resin. The remainder is passed through. The ion exchange resin is regenerated, and the target component recovered.

A method for producing methane by biological conversion of carbon dioxide is performed using a symbiosis between one or more methane-generating bacteria and: (i) one or more hetero-autotrophic cyanobacteria and/or microalgae, or (ii) one or more sulfobacteria and/or acetobacteria, wherein the hetero-autotrophic cyanobacteria and/or microalgae, or the sulfobacteria and/or acetobacteria, produce the molecular hydrogen required for the conversion of carbon dioxide into methane performed by the methane-generating bacteria.

Processes, methods, and apparatus for carbon sequestration utilizing catalysis schemes configured to provide high concentrations of hydrated CO.sub.2 in proximity with a sequestration agent are provided. Reactants are combined with catalyst such that at least two regions of controlled catalytic activity form encompassing at least the interface between a sequestration agent and an aqueous solution containing dissolved CO.sub.2. Suitable reactants include various sequestration agents, catalyst, and carbon dioxide dissolved in an aqueous solution (seawater, for example). Possible products include bicarbonate and metal cations.

A system comprising a collocated thermal plant, water source, CO.sub.2 source and biomass growth module is disclosed. A method of improving the environment by utilizing the system is disclosed.

The present invention provides a system for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in an exhaust gas, which includes a CO.sub.2 capture unit into which an exhaust gas containing CO.sub.2 is input, and which captures the CO.sub.2 as a high concentration enriched gas and separates a first treatment gas; a mineralization process unit which mineralizes the CO.sub.2 after receiving the high concentration enriched gas captured in the CO.sub.2 capture unit and discharges a second treatment gas; a mixing tank which receives the first treatment gas and the second treatment gas and mixes them so that the contained CO.sub.2 has a predetermined concentration; a photo-culture process unit which receives the resulting third treatment gas from the mixing tank to perform a photo-culture process using microalgae; and a control unit which controls the flow rates and the CO.sub.2 contents of the gases supplied and discharged to/from the CO.sub.2 capture unit, the mineralization process unit, the mixing tank and the photo-culture process unit.

A system for high-value utilization of organic solid waste includes an anaerobic digestion unit, a biogas measurement and collection unit and a methane purification and liquefaction unit. The anaerobic digestion unit includes an organic solid waste pretreatment system and an anaerobic digestion device. The biogas measurement and collection unit includes a gas flow meter and a high-pressure biogas collection device. The methane purification and liquefaction unit includes a high-pressure separation tank, a liquefaction pretreatment system, a heavy hydrocarbon and benzene removal device, a two-stage rectification system, a low-temperature pressure liquid storage tank device and a buffer storage tank. The organic solid waste undergoes an anaerobic digestion treatment to produce methane followed by collection, purification and liquefaction.

According to present disclosure, there is disclosed an algae growth and cultivation system that provides a cost-efficient means of producing algae biomass as feedstock for algae-based products, such as, fertilizer, feed, biofuel manufacture, and desirably impacts, nutrient recovery from waste streams for valued byproducts production, recycle water, and alternative/renewable energy production. The system as discussed herein is an integrated systems approach to wastewater treatment, algal strains selection for byproducts production, and recycle of algal biomass-processing waste or additional algae harvested as feedstock for products such as fertilizer production. Embodiments of a system as discussed herein present an economically viable algae production system and process that allows algae-derived products such as fertilizer, feed, biofuels, etc. to compete with non-organic or petroleum products in the marketplace.

A power-generation system having a combined heat and power plant and a fermentation plant has an electrolysis plant, which is connected by lines to both the combined heat and power plant and to the fermentation plant. This arrangement enables a method in which heat from a combined heat and power plant can be used for a fermentation plant and additionally heat from an electrolysis plant can be used for the fermentation plant, whilst the oxygen from the electrolysis plant is used for the combined heat and power plant.

The invention relates to a bioreactor for the anaerobic conversion of gaseous CO.sub.2 and a liquid culture medium to organic acids. The invention further relates to a process for the anaerobic conversion of gaseous CO.sub.2 and liquid culture medium to organic acids, using said bioreactor. The invention further relates to a process for the anaerobic conversion of gaseous CO.sub.2 and liquid culture medium to gaseous CH.sub.4 using the organic acids as intermediate products, using said bioreactor and an anaerobic digester.