An energy extraction system according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes an ammonia fuel storage tank assembly that is configured to store a liquid ammonia fuel, a thermal transfer assembly that is configured to transform the liquid ammonia fuel into a vaporized ammonia based fuel, a turbo-expander that is configured to expand the vaporized ammonia based fuel to extract work, and an energy conversion device that is configured to use the vaporized ammonia based fuel from the turbo-expander to generate a work output.

Provided is a gas turbine combustor that achieves simplified structure and reduced axial length of the entire device. The combustor includes: a combustion liner forming a combustion chamber; a fuel injector provided at a top portion of the combustion liner; and a housing chamber located upstream of the combustion chamber and housing the fuel injector. The fuel injector includes a fuel supply tube penetrating through the housing chamber and configured to supply fuel to the combustion chamber, and a guide member provided on outer side of a downstream portion of the fuel supply tube for allowing air to pass therethrough. The fuel supply tube has, in the downstream portion, a fuel injection hole for injecting fuel to the air passing through the guide member, so as to mix the fuel with the air. The guide member supplies the air and the fuel to the combustion chamber.

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of a syngas suited for further conversion to fine chemicals and/or automotive fuels from biomass by a thermochemical process conducted in a several steps procedure, said process comprising; a) Providing a stream of biomass material; b) Providing an aqueous alkaline catalyst stream comprising sodium and/or potassium compounds; c) Mixing comminuted biomass and alkaline catalyst and optional additives to form an alkaline biomass slurry or suspension; d) Treating alkaline biomass slurry or suspension in a hydrothermal treatment reactor at a temperature in the range of 200-400° C. and a pressure from 10-500 bar, forming a bio-oil suspension comprising liquefied biomass and spent alkali catalyst; e) Directly or indirectly charging the bio-oil suspension from step d), after optional depressurization to a pressure in the range 10-100 bar, heat exchange and separation of gases, such as CO2, steam and aqueous spent catalyst into a gasification reactor operating in the temperature range of 600-1250° C. thereby forming a syngas and alkali compounds; and f) Separating alkali compounds from a gasification reactor or from syngas and recycling alkali compounds directly or indirectly to be present to treat new biomass in the hydrothermal biomass treatment reactor of step d) and/or recycling aqueous alkali salts to a pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle.

The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C.sub.7-C.sub.12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

Methods, systems, and devices for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture are provided. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the C—O—H compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction to generate at least a hydrocarbon compound that may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be a liquid when at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The C—O—H compound may include biomass. In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced through the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound at least as it is produced or cools. Some embodiments include aerosol capture methods, systems, and devices, which may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through a material in a liquid phase in order to gather the aerosol material.

The invention discloses a combined system of intercooled recuperative gas turbine and organic compound bottoming cycle, comprising intercooled recuperative gas turbine, organic-gas heater, organic working substance turbine, condenser and pressure pump, the organic-gas heater is connected to recuperator of intercooled recuperative gas turbine, the organic-gas heater is connected to organic working substance turbine, the organic working substance turbine is connected to condenser, the condenser is connected to pressure pump, the pressure pump is connected to intercooler of intercooled recuperative gas turbine, the intercooler is connected to organic-gas heater; by adopting the invention, it can overcome problems of insufficient heat exchange and large exergy loss in intercooler caused by constant evaporation temperature when using subcritical organic Rankine cycle and Kalina cycle, and can also ensure that the entire system maintains a higher power generation efficiency than intercooled recuperative gas turbine and improves gas turbine power output in hot climates.

The invention discloses a new type of integrated cycle to compete with the standard gas-steam combined cycle in terms of full load/part load efficiency besides ramp rate, startup time and other off design performance. The topping cycle is intercooled recuperative gas turbine (ICR GT) with multiple intercoolers. The bottoming compound cycles consists of supercritical refrigerant Rankine cycle (RRC) and vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC). The refrigerant can be chosen from various organic and inorganic working fluids. The topping and bottoming cycles are highly coupled and form a new integrated cycle rising to the challenge of incoming renewable energy era when thermal power plants undergo frequent load change and long-term part load operation. This invention also markedly outperforms single intercooler ICR GT bottomed by single pressure subcritical RRC system in terms of efficiency, ramp rate etc., and could be an incredibly competitive solution for stationary power generation and marine propulsion.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for reducing deleterious atmospheric gases, such as greenhouse gases. In specific embodiments, the reduction in deleterious atmospheric gases is achieved via enhanced vegetative carbon utilization and storage, as well as increased carbon sequestration in soil. In some embodiments, the subject invention can be used for reducing the number of carbon credits used by an operator involved in, e.g., agriculture, livestock production, waste management or other industries. In certain embodiments, the subject invention provides customizable microbe-based products, as well as methods of using these microbe-based products for reduction of greenhouse gases and/or enhanced sequestration of carbon.