A method for operating a fuel injector of a gas turbine engine includes injecting a hydrogen-based primary fuel from a primary fuel passage of the fuel injector directly into a combustion chamber. The primary fuel passage includes a primary fuel outlet located within the combustion chamber. The method further includes injecting a second fuel, different than the hydrogen-based primary fuel, from a secondary fuel passage of the fuel injector into a hood chamber separated from the combustion chamber by a bulkhead. The secondary fuel passage includes a plurality of secondary fuel outlets located within the hood chamber.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof.

Disclosed are a preparation method and a system of low-carbon jet biofuel based on whole life cycle. A low-carbon method and a system of using whole life cycle involving whole process from raw material acquisition, fuel preparation to fuel application are related. A prepared jet biofuel can be used in six types of aircrafts and engines thereof. Aircrafts using the jet biofuel can have a portion of greenhouse gas emission reduction of 50% to 80%.

An apparatus is provided for producing methanol from organic material, characterized in that the apparatus includes

an anaerobic digestion arrangement for receiving the organic material and for anaerobically-digesting the organic material in oxygen-depleted conditions to generate methane gas; and
a chemical reaction arrangement for reacting the methane gas with water vapour and carbon dioxide in a stoichiometric condition (Eq. 4) between methane steam reforming and methane dry reforming to generate methanol.

The apparatus is operable to support a stoichiometric reaction as follows:

CO.sub.2+3CH.sub.4+2H.sub.2O=4CH.sub.3OH  Eq. 4

The chemical reaction arrangement is operable to provide the stoichiometric condition (Eq. 4)

at a first stage for steam reforming at a pressure in a range of 10 Bar to 30 Bar, and at a temperature in a range of 750° C. to 950° C.; and
at a second stage of methanol synthesis at a pressure in a range of 50 Bar to 100 Bar, and at a temperature in a range of 200° C. to 250° C.

Optionally, a catalyst arrangement is employed for at least the second stage.

An adsorption material is disclosed that comprises a metal-organic framework and a plurality of Hgands. The metal-organic framework comprising a plurality of metal ions. Each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is amine appended to a respective metal ion in the plurality of metal ions of the metal-organic framework. Each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands comprises a substituted 1,3-propanediamine. The adsorbent has a CO2 adsorption capacity of greater than 2.50 mmol/g at 150 mbar CO2 at 40° C., Moreover, the adsorbent is configured to regenerate at less than 120° C. An example ligand is diamine 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane-diamine. An example of the metal-organic framework is Mg2(dobpdc), where dobpdc.sup.4− is 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate. Example applications for the adsorption material are removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas and biogasses.

The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C.sub.7-C.sub.12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

Methods are provided for accurately blending biodiesel into distillate streams to achieve a pre-determined percentage of biodiesel in the distillate, applicable to wild-type distillate streams as well as distillate streams that already contain some percentage of biodiesel.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Compositions and methods for producing aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes are described herein. The aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes can be used in biofuels.

A method is disclosed for preparing an aviation fuel composition by subjecting a feedstock of biological and/or recycled origin to cracking in a cracking unit and to fractionation in a fractionation unit to obtain a kerosene fraction. The obtained kerosene fraction is subjected to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a first jet fuel component. The formed first jet fuel component is mixed with a further jet fuel component to form a fuel composition having a wear scar diameter of 0.78 mm or less, as measured with BOCLE lubricity test method according to ASTM D5001. The feedstock contains one or more of tall oil pitch (TOP), a mixture of sludge palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate and animal fat (FATS), and used lubricant oil (ULO).