A method of poling an organic polymeric electro-optic material. The method includes doping the organic polymeric electro-optic material with nanoparticles. The method also includes heating the organic polymeric electro-optic material to a poling temperature. The method also includes poling the organic polymeric electro-optic material by applying an electric field across the organic polymeric electro-optic material.

The present invention provides novel two-dimensional van der Waals materials and stacks of those materials. Also provided are methods of making and using such materials.

Devices, compositions, and methods are described which provide a tubular nanostructure or a composite tubular nanostructure targeted to a lipid bilayer membrane. The tubular nanostructure includes a hydrophobic surface region flanked by two hydrophilic surface regions. The tubular nanostructure is configured to interact with a lipid bilayer membrane and form a pore in the lipid bilayer membrane. The tubular nanostructure may be targeted by including at least one ligand configured to bind to one or more cognates on the lipid bilayer membrane of a target cell.

In this work we have targeted two aspects of GQDs, Size and ROS to reduce their cytotoxicity. Small size can damage cell organelles and production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) can hamper cell machinery in multiple ways. We have shown that cytotoxicity can be significantly reduced by embedding GQDs inside the PEG matrix rather than creating a thin shell around each GQD. Thin PEG shell around GQD can control ROS production but cannot circumvent the toxicity due to small size. Thus it was essential to solve both the issues. We have used a simple electrochemical method (12 h at room temperature) for synthesizing GQDs and embedded them in PEG matrix via a simple one step hydrothermal reaction (24 h at 160 C.) involving only GQDs, PEG, and deionized water. The P-GQDs formed after hydrothermal reaction show nanoparticles of diameter of 80-100 nm containing GQDs entrapped in PEG matrix. MTT assay showed significant 60% cells viability at a very high concentration of 5.5 mg/mL of P-GQDs compared to 10-15% viability for C-GQD and H-GQD. ROS production by P-GQDs was least compared to C-GQD and H-GQD in cell free and intracellular ROS assay suggesting involvement of ROS in cytotoxicity. In this work we have solved the issue of cytotoxicity due to small size and ROS generation without compromising with fluorescence properties of GQDs. P-GQDs was used for bioimaging and drug delivery in HeLa cells. In short we can obtain biocompatible P-GQDs in very short span of time with minimal use of hazardous chemicals and simple methodology.

Devices, compositions, and methods are described which provide a tubular nanostructure or a composite tubular nanostructure targeted to a lipid bilayer membrane. The tubular nanostructure includes a hydrophobic surface region flanked by two hydrophilic surface regions. The tubular nanostructure is configured to interact with a lipid bilayer membrane and form a pore in the lipid bilayer membrane. The tubular nanostructure may be targeted by including at least one ligand configured to bind to one or more cognates on the lipid bilayer membrane of a target cell.

This application discloses a method for developing a conductive nano-gap. The first step can comprise depositing a brittle material on a substrate. Next, a conductive graphene layer can be deposited at the surface of the brittle material. Lastly, a crack can be propagated through the brittle material and the graphene using a force, the crack a nano-gap.

Methods for producing a transition-metal-coated carbon material having a transition metal coating which has a high adhesion strength between the transition metal and the carbon material, and which is neither exfoliated nor detached in subsequent processing are provided. The transition-metal-coated carbon material may be obtained by adhering a compound containing transition metal ions onto a surface of a carbon material and by reducing the transition metal ions with carbon in the carbon material by a heat treatment, thereby to form elemental transition metal. Here, the transition metal is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu or Zn. Moreover, also provided is a carbon-metal composite material exhibiting an excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, by improving affinity with a metal such as aluminium by use of the transition-metal-coated carbon material.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a capsule nanoparticle used in encapsulating hydrophobic medicines, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a biocompatible polymer and an organic solution containing a hydrophobic medicine; (B) stirring the organic solution at 3-10 C., and titrating with an alcohol solution, so as to make the biocompatible polymer encapsulate hydrophobic medicine to form a capsule nanoparticle; (C) ultrasonic vibrating the capsule nanoparticle at 3-10 C.; (D) filtering the capsule nanoparticle to an average size controllable in the range of 60-450 nm; and (E) lyophilizing the encapsulated particles.

An epitaxial structure is provided. The epitaxial structure includes a substrate, an first epitaxial layer, a second epitaxial layer, a first carbon nanotube layer and a second carbon nanotube layer. The first epitaxial layer is located on the substrate. The first carbon nanotube layer is located between the substrate and the first epitaxial layer. The second epitaxial layer is located on the first epitaxial layer. The second carbon nanotube layer is located between the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer.

A light-emitting layer for a halide perovskite light-emitting device, a method for manufacturing the same and a perovskite light-emitting device using the same are disclosed. The light-emitting layer can be manufactured by forming a first nanoparticle thin film by coating, on a member, a solution comprising halide perovskite nanoparticles having a halide perovskite nanocrystalline structure. Thereby, a nanoparticle light emitter has therein a halide perovskite having a crystal structure in which FCC and BCC are combined; and can show high color purity. In addition, it is possible to improve the luminescence efficiency and luminance of a device by making perovskite as nanoparticles and then introducing the same into a light-emitting layer.