Inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis. Infusion of nitrite iv caused an acute drop in resting energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and nitrate, when given perorally, caused a reduction in oxygen consumption during exercise and a depression of the increase in blood glucose observed after an oral glucose tolerance test. The doses of nitrate and nitrite did not cause any detectable change in methemoglobin levels of blood. Also, nitrate and nitrite did not alter lactate levels in blood. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate the energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis of a mammal by administration of inorganic nitrite and/or nitrate.

Provided is a plant ferment, prepared by: mixing a mulberry (Morus alba), a pomegranate (Punica granatum), a purslane (Portulaca oleracea), a wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata), and a fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in a ratio of (0.5-4):(4-8):(0.5-4):(0.1-2):(0.5-4) to form a mixture; extracting the mixture with a solvent to obtain a plant extract; and fermenting the plant extract to obtain the plant ferment.

Provided is a plant ferment, prepared by: mixing a mulberry (Morus alba), a pomegranate (Punica granatum), a purslane (Portulaca oleracea), a wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata), and a fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in a ratio of (0.5-4):(4-8):(0.5-4):(0.1-2):(0.5-4) to form a mixture; extracting the mixture with a solvent to obtain a plant extract; and fermenting the plant extract to obtain the plant ferment.

Provided is a plant ferment, prepared by: mixing a mulberry (Morus alba), a pomegranate (Punica granatum), a purslane (Portulaca oleracea), a wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata), and a fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in a ratio of (0.5-4):(4-8):(0.5-4):(0.1-2):(0.5-4) to form a mixture; extracting the mixture with a solvent to obtain a plant extract; and fermenting the plant extract to obtain the plant ferment.

A natural antimicrobial substance produced by applying electrical stimulation to a nano-sized Foeniculum vulgare extract and a nano-sized Polygonum tinctorium extract, and an antimicrobial composition produced by adding a sugar alcohol to the natural antimicrobial substance. The antimicrobial composition has advantages in that it is safe for human cell membranes and, at the same time, exhibits maximized antimicrobial efficacy by disrupting the cell membrane structure of bacteria.

A natural antimicrobial substance produced by applying electrical stimulation to a nano-sized Foeniculum vulgare extract and a nano-sized Polygonum tinctorium extract, and an antimicrobial composition produced by adding a sugar alcohol to the natural antimicrobial substance. The antimicrobial composition has advantages in that it is safe for human cell membranes and, at the same time, exhibits maximized antimicrobial efficacy by disrupting the cell membrane structure of bacteria.

A natural antimicrobial substance produced by applying electrical stimulation to a nano-sized Foeniculum vulgare extract and a nano-sized Polygonum tinctorium extract, and an antimicrobial composition produced by adding a sugar alcohol to the natural antimicrobial substance. The antimicrobial composition has advantages in that it is safe for human cell membranes and, at the same time, exhibits maximized antimicrobial efficacy by disrupting the cell membrane structure of bacteria.

The present invention relates to a herbal supplement composition for improved digestion of food in a subject in need having range of ingredient concentrations comprising asafoetida between 0.1 gm and 5 gm; Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; and shilajit powder between 5 mg and 300 mg. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of improving digestion of food in a subject in need comprising orally administering a composition containing asafetida, Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder, Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder and shilajit powder.

The present invention relates to a herbal supplement composition for improved digestion of food in a subject in need having range of ingredient concentrations comprising asafoetida between 0.1 gm and 5 gm; Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; and shilajit powder between 5 mg and 300 mg. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of improving digestion of food in a subject in need comprising orally administering a composition containing asafetida, Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder, Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder and shilajit powder.

The present invention relates to a herbal supplement composition for improved digestion of food in a subject in need having range of ingredient concentrations comprising asafoetida between 0.1 gm and 5 gm; Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder between 5 mg and 15 gm; and shilajit powder between 5 mg and 300 mg. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of improving digestion of food in a subject in need comprising orally administering a composition containing asafetida, Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder, Trachyspermum ammi seeds powder and shilajit powder.