A method to create a multi-zone microstructure spring includes releasing a buckling layer from a substrate, wherein the buckling layer displaces into a curved shape after the releasing. The buckling layer is displaced, relative to the substrate, through at least one of a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone, wherein the buckling layer provides positive stiffness in the first zone, zero stiffness in a second zone, and negative stiffness in a third zone, and the buckling layer must pass through the first zone to reach the second zone and the buckling layer must pass through the second zone to reach the third zone. A multi-zone microstructure spring includes a substrate and a buckling layer. The buckling layer has a surface area. The buckling layer has a positive stiffness in a first zone, zero stiffness in a second zone, and a negative stiffness in a third zone. The buckling layer must pass through the first zone to reach the second zone and the buckling layer must pass through the second zone to reach the third zone. The buckling layer is connected to the substrate. The microstructure includes an elastic connection. The elastic connection is in contact with the buckling layer over a fraction of the buckling layer's surface area.

A torsion bar includes a central portion extending in an axial direction about a longitudinal axis. The torsion bar also includes a first end portion having a splined outer surface, the first end portion disposed proximate a first end of the torsion bar, the first end portion spaced from the central portion with a first annular groove extending circumferentially about the torsion bar.

Disclosed are methods, apparatus, devices, and other implementations, including a method for the production of a pocketed spring unit that includes compressing a plurality of springs, moving the springs to positions between upper and lower layers of fabric or other material, step-wise advancing the material and the springs in a spring unit output direction, and welding together the lengths of fabric or other material at each step-wise advancement to produce a pattern of welds in which are formed a plurality of discrete pockets, each containing a spring.

A method of manufacturing a torsion bar is provided. The method includes cutting a stock torsion bar material to a desired torsion bar length to form the torsion bar. The method also includes forming a first end portion by removing material from the torsion bar to form a first annular groove extending circumferentially about the torsion bar. The method further includes forming a second end portion by removing material from the torsion bar to form a second annular groove extending circumferentially about the torsion bar.

The present invention relates to an automatic spring fastener assembly machine, including a rack and a power control box, and the rack is provided with a circulating conveying device, and a rubber casing feeding device, a fastener feeding device and a spring loading device which are in turn arranged around the circulating conveying device. The rubber casing feeding device includes a rubber casing vibration tray disposed to the left front side of the circulating conveying device, and the rubber casing feeding vibration tray is connected with a rubber casing distributing block through the rubber casing conveying track. The upper side of the circulating conveying device is provided with a rubber casing transportation manipulator, and the right front side thereof is provided with a rubber casing clamping device located below the rubber casing transportation manipulator, and a fastener pushing in device fitting the circulating conveying device is disposed under the rubber casing clamping device. In the present invention, material feeding and conveying is done by the circulating conveying device, and fasteners are fitted into corresponding holes on the rubber casings from a higher position with the fastener pushing in device, which can be completed fast and efficiently, is easy to operate, realize quick assembly of spring fasteners and improve working efficiency.

A process for forming a single crystal superalloy wave spring is provided. In one embodiment, the process may include machining a wave spring from a single crystal superalloy slab after optimizing its orientation using diffraction techniques so that the wave spring will exhibit optimal spring properties.

Canted coil spring rings each with a first plurality of coils having first coil major and minor axes; a second plurality of coils each having second coil major and minor axes; the coils of the first plurality of coils alternating with the coils of the second plurality of coils according to an alternating pattern. The spring rings having inner and outer perimeters and wherein the inner perimeter of the spring ring is defined by at least said first plurality of coils. The resulting configuration of the spring ring has improved spacing along the inner perimeter, among others, with respect to a similar canted coil spring ring having a constant coil cross section, such as a coil length with all similar coils.

Canted coil spring rings each with a first plurality of coils having first coil major and minor axes; a second plurality of coils each having second coil major and minor axes; the coils of the first plurality of coils alternating with the coils of the second plurality of coils according to an alternating pattern. The spring rings having inner and outer perimeters and wherein the inner perimeter of the spring ring is defined by at least said first plurality of coils. The resulting configuration of the spring ring has improved spacing along the inner perimeter, among others, with respect to a similar canted coil spring ring having a constant coil cross section, such as a coil length with all similar coils.

An arcuate spring having a plurality of coils which are configured and dimensioned to provide an arcuate shape to the spring and being substantially free of internal stresses which would tend to urge the coils into linear alignment. The spring is designed to function under load conditions while maintaining its natural arcuate shape. The spring is can be heated by use of an induction heating process.

The present invention relates to an automatic spring fastener assembly machine, including a rack and a power control box, and the rack is provided with a circulating conveying device, and a rubber casing feeding device, a fastener feeding device and a spring loading device which are in turn arranged around the circulating conveying device. The rubber casing feeding device includes a rubber casing vibration tray disposed to the left front side of the circulating conveying device, and the rubber casing feeding vibration tray is connected with a rubber casing distributing block through the rubber casing conveying track. The upper side of the circulating conveying device is provided with a rubber casing transportation manipulator, and the right front side thereof is provided with a rubber casing clamping device located below the rubber casing transportation manipulator, and a fastener pushing in device fitting the circulating conveying device is disposed under the rubber casing clamping device. In the present invention, material feeding and conveying is done by the circulating conveying device, and fasteners are fitted into corresponding holes on the rubber casings from a higher position with the fastener pushing in device, which can be completed fast and efficiently, is easy to operate, realize quick assembly of spring fasteners and improve working efficiency.