In a pressure controller for adjusting a pressure in a container connected downstream of the pressure controller and in fluid communication therewith, the pressure controller includes a main fluid duct having a fluid input and a fluid output leading to the container and a control valve for adjusting a fluid pressure at the fluid output, a bypass duct branching off from the main fluid duct downstream of the control valve, configured for venting of the main fluid duct, and a flow cross-section of the bypass duct being smaller than a maximum flow cross-section of the main fluid duct.

In one embodiment, a gas supply line is connected to a chamber of a substrate processing apparatus. A vaporizer is connected to the gas supply line. A flow rate controller is connected to the gas supply line in parallel with the vaporizer through a secondary valve. A primary valve is provided on a primary side of the flow rate controller. A method of the embodiment includes supplying a processing gas to the chamber from the vaporizer through the gas supply line in a state in which the primary valve is closed, the secondary valve is opened, and an exhaust device is operated to set a pressure of the chamber to a predetermined pressure and determining a time-average value of a measurement value obtained by a pressure sensor of the flow rate controller while the supplying the processing gas is performed.

In one embodiment, a vaporizer is connected to a chamber of a substrate processing apparatus through a gas supply line and a gas introduction port. An exhaust device is connected to the gas supply line. The substrate processing apparatus includes a pressure sensor that obtains a measurement value of a pressure of the gas supply line. A method according to the embodiment includes supplying a processing gas to the chamber from the vaporizer through the gas supply line, and monitoring a change of the measurement value obtained by the pressure sensor in a state in which supply of the processing gas to the gas supply line is stopped.

A hydraulic power unit (HPU) configured for use with a pressure relief valve (PRV) having an open port and a close port is provided. The HPU includes a pneumatic primary pump, a hydraulic fluid reservoir, an accumulator, and a two position solenoid directional valve (TPSDV). The hydraulic fluid reservoir is in fluid communication with the primary pump. The TPSDV is in communication with the primary pump, the reservoir, the accumulator. The TPSDV is configured for fluid communication with the PRV. The HPU is configurable in a PRV fail open configuration and a PRV fail close configuration.

Provided herein are methods for the modulation of appearance or material properties within items of apparel or equipment. Also provided herein are design articles having alterable designs.

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly.

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly.

A solenoid valve apparatus for a brake system for a vehicle, including: a main valve unit; a pilot-control valve unit that is fluidically connected to the main valve unit; and a housing to accommodate at least the main valve unit and the pilot-control valve unit; in which the pilot-control valve unit includes a double solenoid unit and at least one valve device, in which the double solenoid unit is formed such that it can be populated with at least one valve device, and in which the double solenoid unit has at least two accommodating portions for accommodating valve devices and at least two solenoid devices for actuating valve devices. Also described are a related braking system and a related method for mounting a solenoid valve assembly for a braking system for a vehicle.

A fluid system for the reliable operation of an actuator controlled by fluid means, including a control device, a valve controller, fluid control valves that are designed to influence fluid flows on at least one actuator, sensors designed to determine a state of the actuator and a monitoring device designed to process the sensor signals and to provide a monitoring signal to the valve controller. The control device is designed in accordance with a first safety category of a safety standard and the valve controller, the fluid control valves, the sensors and the monitoring device are designed in accordance with a second safety category of the safety standard, wherein said second safety category is positioned at a higher level than the first safety category within the safety standard.

The present invention relates to a hydraulic valve arrangement for controlling/regulating at least one hydraulic consumer of a mobile machine, with a summation interconnection of at least two hydraulic valves and at least one consumer interconnection of hydraulic valves, wherein the outputs of the summation interconnection are hydraulically connected with the inputs of the consumer interconnection, wherein at least one backflow valve is provided in the consumer interconnection. According to the invention, the at least one backflow valve for throttling a consumer return volume flow opens or closes in dependence on a consumer inflow pressure and comprises at least one main piston arranged in a bushing and at least two further pistons arranged in a lid separate from the bushing, wherein the main piston and the control piston interact with each other via a compression spring.