The present invention discloses peptide fragments derived from neuropeptide Y (NPY), which are capable of selective binding to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and inducing neuroplastic and neuroprotective effects, and the use of said peptide fragments as neuritogenic agents for treatment of pathological conditions in which neuroprotection and neuroplastic changes are desired, such as brain and retina disorders.

Analogues of PYY differing from native human PYY by substitution of Ser23 with Ala23, Glu23, Lys23, Gln23 or AIB23. Further optional features include substitutions at further positions, loss of the Tyr1 residue of native human PYY and amidation of the C-terminus. Suitable for use as pharmaceuticals for treating and preventing disorders, in particular diabetes and obesity.

Analogues of PYY differing from native human PYY by substitution of Ser23 with Ala23, Glu23, Lys23, Gln23 or AIB23. Further optional features include substitutions at further positions, loss of the Tyr1 residue of native human PYY and amidation of the C-terminus. Suitable for use as pharmaceuticals for treating and preventing disorders, in particular diabetes and obesity.

The invention relates to PYY analogues having alanine at position 4, lysine at position 7, QRY as the C-terminal end and a half-life extending group. The analogues of the invention are soluble around pH 6 and 7. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such PYY analogues, and to the medical use of the analogues.

There is provided a method for treating or reducing an anticancer agent-induced nephrotoxic injury, the method comprising the step of administering a Y1 receptor activator in an amount effective to treat or reduce the anticancer agent-induced nephrotoxic injury in a subject. Further, there is provided a method for screening an agent for treating or reducing an anticancer agent-induced nephrotoxic injury, the method comprising (a) applying a candidate material to a test sample of renal tissues or cells; and (b) identifying a Y1 receptor signaling in the test sample of renal tissues or cells.

Peptide sequences that can serve as agonists of both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-IR) and the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPYR2). The peptide sequences include regions that correspond to certain aspect of natural substrates and known agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-IR) and the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPYR2) in a single sequence.

Peptide sequences that can serve as agonists of both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-IR) and the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPYR2). The peptide sequences include regions that correspond to certain aspect of natural substrates and known agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-IR) and the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPYR2) in a single sequence.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for topical or transdermal delivery. The compositions can be used in a variety of applications. In some cases, the composition may include nitric oxide and/or peptides. The nitric oxide and/or peptide may be present within a first phase comprising a lecithin, such as phosphatidylcholine. In certain embodiments, the lecithin is present in liposomes, micelles, or other vesicles containing nitric oxide, peptides, or both. The composition can take the form of a gel, a cream, a lotion, an ointment, a solution, a solid stick, etc., that can be rubbed or sprayed onto the skin. The composition can also be applied to a mucosal surface in some instances. Other aspects of the present invention are generally directed to methods of making or using such compositions, methods of promoting such compositions, kits including such compositions, or the like.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for topical or transdermal delivery. The compositions can be used in a variety of applications. In some cases, the composition may include nitric oxide and/or peptides. The nitric oxide and/or peptide may be present within a first phase comprising a lecithin, such as phosphatidylcholine. In certain embodiments, the lecithin is present in liposomes, micelles, or other vesicles containing nitric oxide, peptides, or both. The composition can take the form of a gel, a cream, a lotion, an ointment, a solution, a solid stick, etc., that can be rubbed or sprayed onto the skin. The composition can also be applied to a mucosal surface in some instances. Other aspects of the present invention are generally directed to methods of making or using such compositions, methods of promoting such compositions, kits including such compositions, or the like.

The present invention provides a method for treating or delaying the onset of an autoimmune condition in a human subject comprising orally administering to the subject at an effective dose of neuropeptide Y.