A touch panel is formed by firstly forming a film layer on a first plate, and next, sequentially forming a buffer layer on the film layer, forming a sensing layer on the buffer layer, forming a second plate on the sensing layer. After the foregoing formation procedures, the first plate is removed from the film layer. Next, a cover is attached to the film layer. In this way, the film layer is located between the cover and the buffer layer. Finally, the second plate is removed from the sensing layer, so as to form a touch panel with the features of light weight, thin thickness and low costs.

The present invention provides a functional material, its preparation method, and an organic light emitting diode display panel, which belongs to the display technical field and can solve the pollution problem in current organic light emitting diode display panels. The functional material comprises an inorganic mixed powder with a modified layer, the inorganic mixed powder comprising boron oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, silver complexes, silver phosphate, silver nitrate, tourmaline, silver thiosulfate, carbon nanotubes, aluminum sulfate, manganese, manganese oxide, iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxide, chromium, chromium oxide, copper, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, aluminum nitride, chromium boride, Cr.sub.3B.sub.4, titanium boride, zirconium boride, tungsten disilicide, titanium disilicide and the like; the modified layer being generated by a reaction of a dianhydride and a diamine.

The present invention provides (A) a polyamic acid solution which can be (i) used to form a film that does not peel off even in a case where the film has a large thickness, and (ii) stably stored at a room temperature, and (B) a laminate that can be suitably used for production of a flexible device. An alkoxysilane-modified polyamic acid solution of the present invention can be obtained by reacting (a) an alkoxysilane compound containing the amino group and (b) a polyamic acid solution, and has a molar ratio of 0.980 or more and 0.9995 or less, which molar ratio is obtained by dividing a total number of moles of an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride by a total number of moles of an aromatic diamine.

A tire comprising an outer tread layer, intermediate sidewall and carcass layers and an innermost air permeation prevention layer: (i) the air permeation prevention (APP) layer having an upper and a lower surface, the layer having a polymer composition exhibiting an air permeation coefficient (APC) of about 2510.sup.12 cc cm/cm.sup.2 sec cmHg (at 30 C.) or less and a Young's modulus of about 1 MPa to about 500 MPa, the polymer composition comprising: (A) at least 10 wt % of at least one thermoplastic resin component having an APC of about 2510.sup.12 cc cm/cm.sup.2 sec cmHg (at 30 C.) or less and a Young's modulus of more than 500 MPa, which is preferably a polyamide resin or mixture, and (B) at least 10 wt % of at least one elastomer component having an APC of more than about 2510.sup.12 cc cm/cm.sup.2 sec cmHg (at 30 C.) and a Young's modulus of not more than 500 MPa, which elastomer component is preferably a halogen-containing rubber or mixture, the total amount (A)+(B) being not less than about 30 wt %, and the elastomer component is a dispersed vulcanized, discontinuous phase in the thermoplastic resin matrix; and (ii) at least one thermoplastic laminate layer bonded to at least said lower surface of the APP layer, the thermoplastic layer comprising a film-forming, semi-crystalline, substantially hydrophobic carbon chain polymer having a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than about 20 C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide tube for a fixing belt, the polyimide tube having good toner fixability. A polyimide tube for a fixing belt of an image-forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a polyimide layer that contains a polyimide as a main component and a needle-like filler, the needle-like filler containing a carbon nanotube and needle-like titanium oxide. A product of a thermal diffusivity (m.sup.2/s) of the polyimide layer and a breaking elongation (%) of the polyimide layer in an axial direction is 3510.sup.7 or more. An orientation direction of the needle-like filler is preferably an axial direction or a circumferential direction.

In accordance with the present invention, compositions are described which are useful, for example, for the preparation of metal-clad laminate structures, methods for the preparation thereof, and various uses therefor. Invention metal-clad laminate structures are useful, for example, in the multi-layer board (MLB) industry, in the preparation of burn-in test boards and high reliability boards, in applications where low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is beneficial, in the preparation of boards used in down-hole drilling, and the like.

A sandwich component has a first cover layer, a second cover layer, and a core disposed therebetween. In the sandwich component, the cover layers are each formed from an outer layer made of a fiber-reinforced thermoplast material having greater resistance to a certain solvent and, fused therewith, an inner layer made of a thermoplast material having lower resistance to the solvent. The core has outer layers, each of which is formed from a thermoplast material having lower resistance to the solvent, and an inner structure, which is formed entirely or partially from a thermoplast material having greater resistance to the solvent. The inner layers of the cover layers were each fused with one of the outer layers of the core with the use of the solvent.

The present invention relates to a laminate and a device fabricated using the laminate. The laminate includes a debonding layer including a polyimide resin between a carrier substrate and a flexible substrate. The adhesive strength of the debonding layer to the flexible substrate is changed by a physical stimulus. According to the present invention, the flexible substrate can be easily separated from the carrier substrate without the need for further processing such as laser or light irradiation. Therefore, the use of the laminate facilitates the fabrication of the device having the flexible substrate. The device may be, for example, a flexible display device. In addition, the device can be prevented from deterioration of reliability and occurrence of defects caused by laser or light irradiation. This ensures improved characteristics and high reliability of the device.

Provided is a flexible and self-supporting insulating film including a base polymer layer and a partially cured poly(amide)imide layer applied to the base polymer layer. The composite insulating film may be used as slot liner to provide insulation to the components of the electric motor. The partially cured poly(amide)imide layer of the composite insulation film maybe further cured by the heat generated by the operation of the electric motor.

A sandwich component and method of producing the sandwich component are provided wherein the sandwich component has a first cover layer, a second cover layer, and a core disposed therebetween. In the sandwich component, the cover layers are each formed from an outer layer made of a fiber-reinforced high-melting-point thermoplast material and, fused therewith, an inner layer made of a low-melting-point thermoplast material. The core has outer layers, each of which is formed from a low-melting-point thermoplast material, and an inner structure, which is formed entirely or partially from a high-melting-point thermoplast material. The inner layers of the cover layers were each fused with one of the outer layers of the core.