A system featuring a textured surface having elements, such as a plurality of microfeatures and/or microstructures, that increase the surface area as compared to a surface without the elements, wherein a non-volatile solvent is disposed in at least a portion of the elements of the textured surface. The non-volatile solvent may be used for retaining biomolecules, such as but not limited to biomolecules that may benefit from an environment that protects conformational structure, for example proteins.

A quantum device is provided that includes controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds extending from a surface of a semiconductor material. Each of the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds has a separation of at least one atom of the semiconductor material. At least one electrode is provided for selectively modifying an electronic state of the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds. By providing at least one additional electron within the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds with the proviso that there exists at least one unoccupied dangling bond for each one additional electron present, the inventive device is operable at least to 293 degrees Kelvin and is largely immune to stray electrostatic perturbations. Room temperature operable quantum cellular automata and qubits are constructed therefrom.