A heat transfer element includes mounting surfaces configured to mate with an outer surface of a pipe for attachment thereto; and a channel configured to receive a tracer therein. The heat transfer element is configured to effect conductive heat transfer from the tracer to the pipe, or to process flowing through the pipe, when attached with heat transfer cement (HTC) to both the pipe and the tracer. A system includes a pipe and a tracer; HTC, and the heat transfer element. The heat transfer element may have bends or may include separate heat transfer element portions coupled together in order to be located at different positions around an elbow of the pipe. The heat transfer element is configured to effect conductive heat transfer from the tracer to the pipe, or to process flowing through the pipe, when attached with HTC to both the pipe and the tracer.

Provided are a method and apparatus for reducing a refrigerant pressure difference within are HVAC system having a controller, one or more compressors, and at least two paths of refrigerant piping comprising alternative paths for refrigerant flow through the HVAC system. A valve is coupled to each refrigerant piping path for permitting, or preventing, refrigerant flow through each of the alternate paths of refrigerant piping. The controller may open at least one valve for a defined period of time in response to a triggering input to allow a refrigerant pressure difference within the HVAC system to dissipate across the opened valve.

A printed circuit board for use with a cooling device configured to cool at least one device is provided. The printed circuit board includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface; a ground plane on the first surface of the substrate, and circuitry in a circuit-region on the second surface of the substrate. The ground plane includes a patterned-region that is patterned with an array of holes. The circuitry is configured for use with the at least one device to be cooled. When a first side of the cooling device contacts the ground plane, and when the at least one device to be cooled contacts the circuitry, a reduced cross-sectional area of the patterned-region prevents heat from a second side of the cooling device from degrading performance of the at least one device.

A heat transfer element includes curved mounting surfaces configured to mate with an outer surface of a pipe for attachment thereto; and a channel configured to receive a tracer therein. The heat transfer element is configured to effect conductive heat transfer from the tracer to the pipe, or to process flowing through the pipe, when attached with heat transfer cement (HTC) to both the pipe and the tracer. A system includes a pipe and a tracer; HTC; and a heat transfer element having curved mounting surfaces configured to mate with an outer surface of the pipe and attached thereto via the HTC, and a channel in which the tracer is received and secured via HTC. The heat transfer element is configured to effect conductive heat transfer from the tracer to the pipe, or to process flowing through the pipe, when attached with HTC to both the pipe and the tracer.

A method of custom manufacturing a flame arrestor includes providing a housing having an interior surface and an exterior surface where the exterior surface of the housing is shaped to fit within a fluid passageway. The method includes forming, using an additive manufacturing technique, a three-dimensional lattice structure by depositing a first material onto the interior surface of the housing in a predetermined pattern. The lattice structure includes a plurality of connected lattice members forming channels extending from a first end to a second end of the three-dimensional lattice structure. An element of a second material is provided adjacent to the three-dimensional lattice structure. The second material is different than the first material and the element is configured to draw heat away from fluid flowing through the plurality of channels.

A heat exchanger for an oxygenator comprises multiple tube sections, each having a longitudinal tube axis, wherein the tube sections are disposed as a bundle having a longitudinal bundle axis, and the tube sections are connected to each other in at least one connecting section of the bundle by joining by way of chemical and/or physical bonded joints. A method for producing the heat exchanger is also provided.

A heat exchanger includes an inner tube extending longitudinally along a central axis and having an inner surface bounding a product chamber and an outer surface having a plurality of channels disposed at circumferentially spaced intervals in alternating relationship with a plurality of fins about the circumference of the outer surface of the inner tube; and a longitudinally extending outer tube disposed coaxially about and circumscribing the inner tube in radially spaced relationship, the outer tube having an inner surface contacting the plurality of fins of the inner cylinder, the outer surface being welded to the fins at a plurality of weld locations.

A flame cell of a flame arrestor may include a body of a first material having a first end, a second end, and a plurality of channels formed in the body and extending from the first end to the second end of the body. The flame cell may also include an element of a second material coupled to the body, the second material being different from the first material. The element may be configured to draw heat away from fluid flowing through the plurality of channels.

Provided are a method and apparatus for reducing a refrigerant pressure difference within are HVAC system having a controller, one or more compressors, and at least two paths of refrigerant piping comprising alternative paths for refrigerant flow through the HVAC system. A valve is coupled to each refrigerant piping path for permitting, or preventing, refrigerant flow through each of the alternate paths of refrigerant piping. The controller may open at least one valve for a defined period of time in response to a triggering input to allow a refrigerant pressure difference within the HVAC system to dissipate across the opened valve.

The heat exchanger (10) includes a ceramic matrix composite (12) (stable at temperatures up to 1,650 C.) surrounding and defining a hot fluid conduit (14). A hardenable material (18) having a high thermal conductivity is formed into a heat transfer layer (16) surrounding the ceramic matrix composite (12). A metal pipe (20) is coextensive with the heat transfer layer (16) and defines at least a portion (22) of at least one cool fluid passage (24, 34, 54) defined adjacent to and in heat exchange relationship with the heat transfer layer (16) so that a fluid passing through the cool fluid passage (24, 34, 54) absorbs heat passing through the heat transfer layer (16) from the hot fluid passing through the hot fluid conduit (14).