A flow reactor system for disinfecting a fluid includes a measuring system for determining at least one state variable, a first irradiation zone and a second irradiation zone in which the fluid is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation. The flow reactor system also includes a first radiation source in the first irradiation zone and a second radiation source in the second irradiation zone. The first radiation source includes at least one emitter unit having a light-emitting diode which emits light in a visible and/or ultraviolet wavelength range. The second radiation source includes at least one emitter unit having a lamp which emits light in an ultraviolet wavelength range. The flow reactor system additionally includes a control unit configured to control the emission intensity of the first radiation source and/or the second radiation source depending on the at least one state variable determined by the measuring system.

Light disinfecting systems are provided in which light emanating from an end or side of optical fibers is used to disinfect a target site. According to one implementation a light beam emanating from an end emitting optical fiber is directed into a body that includes a plurality of optical surfaces that are configured to direct at least a portion of the end emitted beam of bacterial disinfecting light to the target site. The assembly may further include a substrate coupled to the body, the substrate including one or more channels in which reside one or more radially emitting optical fibers that are configured to radially emit bacterial disinfecting light towards the target site, the substrate being at least partially transparent to the bacterial disinfecting light.

A portion of a treatment device for treating bacteria may be coupled with the bacteria through direct or indirect contact. Mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy are generated with the treatment device, and are transmitted from the treatment device to the bacteria during the coupling. The bacteria are treated with both the mechanical stress energy and the electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria. A treatment device may include a mechanical stress energy emitting portion, an electromagnetic energy emitting portion, and a contacting portion for coupling into direct or indirect contact with the bacteria and transmitting mechanical stress energy to the bacteria during the coupling. The mechanical stress energy emitting portion and the electromagnetic energy emitting portion are operable to treat the bacteria with a combination of mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria.

A portion of a treatment device for treating bacteria may be coupled with the bacteria through direct or indirect contact. Mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy are generated with the treatment device, and are transmitted from the treatment device to the bacteria during the coupling. The bacteria are treated with both the mechanical stress energy and the electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria. A treatment device may include a mechanical stress energy emitting portion, an electromagnetic energy emitting portion, and a contacting portion for coupling into direct or indirect contact with the bacteria and transmitting mechanical stress energy to the bacteria during the coupling. The mechanical stress energy emitting portion and the electromagnetic energy emitting portion are operable to treat the bacteria with a combination of mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria.

A self-disinfecting device includes a housing with translucent material and an internal light source that is used to reduce surface pathogens on the translucent material. The device includes a processor and a light source positioned within the housing. At least a portion of the housing is translucent to radiation, and the light source emits radiation at a wavelength and an intensity that kills pathogens residing on the outer surface of the housing.

A portion of a treatment device for treating bacteria may be coupled with the bacteria through direct or indirect contact. Mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy are generated with the treatment device, and are transmitted from the treatment device to the bacteria during the coupling. The bacteria are treated with both the mechanical stress energy and the electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria. A treatment device may include a mechanical stress energy emitting portion, an electromagnetic energy emitting portion, and a contacting portion for coupling into direct or indirect contact with the bacteria and transmitting mechanical stress energy to the bacteria during the coupling. The mechanical stress energy emitting portion and the electromagnetic energy emitting portion are operable to treat the bacteria with a combination of mechanical stress energy and electromagnetic energy to produce a killing effect on the bacteria.

A system for inactivation of pathogens on a surface may include a first light source that emits first light having a peak wavelength in a range of 100 nm to 500 nm; a second light source that emits second light that is visible light; control electronics configured to control a first power state of the first light source and a second power state of the second light source. The first power state and the second power state may be independently controlled. The system may be configured such that an illumination area of the first light and the second light is limited to the inactivation area.

Methods and apparatuses for inactivating RNA and DNA within viruses situated on medical instruments. Through the use of photochemicals and photoactivation by monochromatic light, medical instruments can be rendered safer. A solution of methylene blue having a concentration of 0.01-0.02% by means of interaction with light in the emission spectrum of monochromatic emitters having wavelengths ranging between 582 and 592 nm or between 658 and 662 nm and an overall light output of at least 280 lumens (lm), wherein the instruments are kept in said solution for about 90 minutes.

A medical device and method configured to disinfect a skin surface, the device comprising a power source that provides electric power, a light emitting source that uses electric power received from the power source to disinfect the skin surface, and a switch that is configured to be operated by user action, wherein upon activation of the switch, the electric power from the power source is received by the light emitting source to emit visible light and disinfect the skin surface.

Radiant energy control systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided. An example light emitting device may comprise a sensor operable to detect whether a space is occupied, and a controller in communication with the sensor and operable to cause output, via a first light emitter white light comprising a wavelength range of 380 to 420 nm, and cause output, via a second light emitter a non-white light comprising a wavelength range of 380 to 420 nm.