The invention comprises various materials and methods for the formation of bone within a patient using implanted bodies that are seeded with bone forming cells. The implants of the invention may comprise interlocking building blocks which allow for the formation of any desired structure. The geometry of the resulting bone structure can be tailored with great precision, and can be controllably integrated with native bone as desired. Advantageously, the methods result in the formation of functional, structured bone and avoid overgrowth, undergrowth, and the use of growth factors such as BMP-2.

A method is disclosed for coating and patterning hydrogels in order to modify surface properties. The method exploits the water content of the hydrogel and the hydrophobicity of the reaction solvent to create a thin oxide adhesion layer on the hydrogel surface. This oxide adhesion layer enables rapid transformation of the hydrophilic, cell non-adhesive hydrogel into either a highly hydrophobic or a cell-adhesive hydrogel by reaction with an alkylphosphonic acid or an α,ω-diphosphonoalkane, respectively. Also disclosed are coated, patterned hydrogels and constructs comprising the coated, patterned hydrogels.

Biomaterial having a multi-dimensional structure and comprising demineralized bone matrix dispersed within differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) tissue, wherein MSCs are adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Method for producing this biomaterial comprising incubating MSCS in osteoblastic and/or chondrogenic medium in presence of demineralized bone matrix. Use of this biomaterial for alleviating or treating a bone or cartilage defect, supporting or correcting a congenital or acquired abnormality, supporting a bon or articular bone replacement following surgery or trauma, and/or supporting a musculoskeletal implant.

A method of recovering progenitor cells from bone marrow aspirate. A bone void filler preparation container is provided. The bone void filler preparation container has an inlet port and an outlet port. A bone graft matrix having a particle size of between about 1,000 m and about 2,000 m is placed in the bone void filler preparation container. A bone marrow aspirate is passed through the bone void filler preparation container. Progenitor cells in the bone marrow aspirate are retained in the bone void filler preparation container. Greater than about 83 percent of the progenitor cells in the bone marrow aspirate are retained in the bone void filler preparation container.

Systems and methods of protecting allograft against radiation damage are disclosed. Systems and methods of incorporating additives such as radioprotectants into allograft tissue are also disclosed. The systems and methods comprise providing an allograft; cleaning the allograft; contacting the allograft with at least one radioprotectant, thereby obtaining a radioprotectant-doped allograft; contacting the radioprotectant-doped allograft with a supercritical fluid, thereby obtaining a radioprotectant doped and homogenized allograft.

Compositions including a collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffold and osteoprotegerin are described. The compositions are useful in methods for promoting osteogenesis and attenuating bone resorption.

A method of making a bone matrix includes exposing a bone tissue to a solution including a surfactant and a protease; treating the bone tissue with an acid solution following exposing the bone tissue; and electrophoretically treating the acid treated bone tissue. A bone matrix has a DNA content of not greater than 0.1 micrograms per milligram sample and a modulus in a range of 180 kPa to 250 kPa.

This disclosure relates to compositions including mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) that harbor one or more modified RNA molecules encoding a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), e.g., human BMP, and one or more modified RNA molecules encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), e.g., human VEGF or VEGF-A, or first and second separate pluralities of MSCs, wherein each MSC in the first plurality of MSCs harbors one or more modified RNA molecules encoding BMP, and wherein each MSC in the second plurality of MSCs harbors one or more modified RNA molecules encoding VEGF; and a carrier, e.g., a solid or semi-solid carrier. The disclosure also relates to methods and uses of these compositions to treat bone defects.

A bone void filler preparation system that includes a processing vessel, a processing piston, a bone void filler preparation container and tubing. The processing vessel has a recess formed therein. The processing vessel is adapted to receive bone marrow aspirate. The processing piston includes an outer wall, a central wall member and a connection port. The outer wall has an upper edge and a lower edge. The central wall member extends inwardly from the outer wall intermediate the upper and lower edges of the processing piston. The central wall member has an aperture formed therein. The central wall member has a downwardly directed portion that defines an air-retaining region. The air-retaining region is closer to the outer wall upper edge than the aperture. The connection port is operably connected to the aperture. The processing piston is movable in the processing vessel recess. The bone void filler preparation container has an inlet portion and an outlet port. The bone void filler preparation container is adapted to receive a bone void filler matrix therein. The tubing fluidly connects the processing piston connection port and the bone void filler preparation container inlet port.

A viable disc regenerative composition has a micronized material of nucleus pulposus and a biological composition made from a mixture of mechanically selected allogeneic biologic material derived from bone marrow having non-whole cellular components including vesicular components and active and inactive components of biological activity, cell fragments, cellular excretions, cellular derivatives, and extracellular components; and wherein the mixture is compatible with biologic function and further includes non-expanded whole cells. The biological composition is predisposed to demonstrate or support elaboration of active volume or spatial geometry consistent in morphology with that of disc tissue. The viable disc regenerative composition extends regenerative resonance that compliments or mimics disc tissue complexity.