The present invention is directed to a method of producing a tissue graft, comprising at least steps of providing a gel, seeding the gel with cells of at least a first and/or cells of a second type, and culturing of the cells of the first and/or cells of the second type in said gel until the formation of at least one first biostructure in the gel by the cells of the first type and/or the cells of the second type.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries characterized by critical loss of skeletal muscle tissues result in severe functional impairment. Current treatments involving use of muscle grafts are limited by tissue availability and donor site morbidity. The present application relates to methods and composition matters for skeletal muscle healing and regeneration for a patient with volumetric muscle loss using a glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogel, wherein said hydrogel for skeletal muscle regeneration comprises functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA), functionalized chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), wherein said HA and said CS are cross-linked by said PEGDA.

The method disclosed herein is for evaluating the quality of a transplant neural retina by sampling a part or the whole of a cell aggregate containing a neural retina having an epithelial structure derived from a pluripotent stem cell as a sample for quality evaluation.

Engineered human tissue seed constructs are provided that are suitable for implantation in subjects. Methods of making and using the engineered tissue seed constructs are provided.

The present disclosure provides methods of bioengineering sphincters having autologous smooth muscle cells isolated from human internal anal sphincter and autologous enteric neurospheres (neural progenitor cells) isolated from human small intestine (jejunum). The isolated neural progenitor cells and smooth muscle cells are co -cultured using dual layered hydrogels and allowed to form circular, intrinsically innervated internal anal sphincter constructs. Such innervated internal anal sphincter constructs, bioengineered internal anal sphincter constructs are useful as additive implants in the treatment of fecal incontinence.

A simple, highly flexible and scalable platform for making functional complex tissues with heterogeneity and irregularity is provided. The method includes combining undifferentiated cells, such as pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, with a biomaterial to make multiple undifferentiated or naïve subunits, exposing the undifferentiated or naïve subunits to different cell culture environments for induction of differentiation towards different lineages as required by that complex tissue, and combining the then functional subunits with or without the undifferentiated subunits. The differentiated subunits thus combined can be cultured under biological, chemical, and/or physical culture conditions suitable to fine-tune the structural and functional properties of the bioengineered complex tissue to form a bioengineered tissue graft that mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native complex tissue. The bioengineered tissue graft can then used to replace dysfunctional tissue.

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle and a composition for transplantation comprising retinal tissue and the vehicle, which are for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and are suitable for the subretinal transplantation of retinal tissue. The vehicle for transplantation of the present invention is a vehicle for transplantation for subretinally transplanting retinal tissue, the vehicle having a viscosity of 5 to 500 mPa.Math.s at a shear rate of 2 (1/s) at 25° C., and comprising hyaluronic acid and a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous liquid. The composition for transplantation of the present invention comprises transplant retinal tissue and the vehicle for transplantation of the present invention.

The present invention relates to artificial skin having structure and properties by age, and more specifically to artificial skin having structure and properties, for which effective analysis and application are possible on the basis of age of the skin, as the human skin can be replicated according to age by simple control in the internal structure of properties such as height and width, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Methods are disclosed for fabricating a three-dimensional engineered blood retinal barrier (BRB) comprising a choroid and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The methods include the use of bioprinting. Also disclosed is a three-dimensional engineered BRB, and its use. Methods are also disclosed for using the three-dimensional engineered BRB, such as for the treatment of retinal degeneration in a subject or screening. A three-dimensional printing insert that is adapted for bioprinting on a culture substrate sheet that is securely retained within and exposed through a printing frame is also disclosed.

Provided are live, artificial, skin substitute products and methods of making and using the same, such as for wound treatment and compound testing, including compound testing for efficacy, toxicity, penetration, irritation and/or metabolism testing of drug candidates or compositions such as cosmetics.