A method of detecting intravascular volume depletion in a patient during a hemodialysis session includes measuring venous drip pressure for the patient. With a computer-driven analyzer, the method further includes analyzing the venous drip pressure and automatically and continuously determining a venous access pressure in proximity to a location of needle insertion into a vascular access site of the patient, wherein changes in venous access pressure are representative of changes in intravascular blood pressure. Using the analyzer, the method further includes comparing the venous access pressure to a standard and, if the venous access pressure is outside of a defined range of the standard, determining with the analyzer that the patient is experiencing intravascular volume depletion during the hemodialysis session.

An information display and control system that enables a fast and easy understanding and management of the status of the patient's dialysis is disclosed. Also disclosed is an information display and control system that enables a fast and easy understanding and management of the status of the patient's cardiovascular and ventilation systems. The system can control management of a patient's dialysis, as well as administration and management of a patient's medication and fluids. The display is organized by goals related to management of patient's dialysis machine, blood flow, dialyzer flow, and patient's body weight. The display is also organized by goals related to management of patient's cardiovascular system, ventilation system, and medications and fluids administration and management. Such goals include urea reduction rate, urea reduction ratio, fractional urea clearance, total urea reduction, dialysis treatment duration, hemodynamics, oxygenation, CO.sub.2 removal, medication status, and fluids status.

A renal failure blood therapy system includes a memory device storing a therapy target for a patient. The system also includes a processor configured to receive the therapy target for the patient, receive a desired solute concentration for the patient, and apply the therapy target and the desired solute concentration as inputs to an optimization routine. The processor is also configured to execute the optimization routine to determine at least one dialysis therapy prescription specifying at least a dialysis therapy duration, a dialysis therapy frequency, and at least one of a dialysis therapy blood flow rate or a dialysis therapy dialysate flow rate. The processor is further configured to display the at least one dialysis therapy prescription for confirmation or selection by a clinician and transmit the selected or confirmed dialysis therapy prescription to a dialysis machine for a subsequent dialysis treatment for the patient.

The present invention relates to a method for regulating supply of substituate in an extracorporeal blood treatment with an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising a dialyzer divided by a semipermeable membrane into a blood chamber and a dialyzing fluid chamber and a device for supplying substituate. Moreover, the present invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus having a device for regulating supply of substituate. Regulation of supply of substituate in the extracorporeal blood treatment takes place as a function of the rheological loading of the dialyzer. To regulate supply of substituate during extracorporeal blood treatment, rheological loading of the dialyzer is determined from transmembrane pressure on the dialyzer and flow resistance of the dialyzer and substituate rate is increased or reduced according to the loading. The selection of dialyzer parameters or blood parameters is therefore no longer necessary and the distinction between pre-dilution and post-dilution is also made obsolete.

Tools and techniques for estimating and/or predicting a patient's current and/or future blood pressure. In some cases, the tools will analyze physiological data captured from the patient against a model of blood pressure values to estimate/predict the patient's blood pressure value. In particular cases, derived parameters, such as a patient's compensatory reserve index (“CRI”) can be analyzed against such models, while in other cases, data captured from sensors can be directly analyzed against such models.

The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described.

A dialysis system comprising: a dialysis machine; a communication module configured to communicate using a short-range wireless technology protocol; data storage configured to store data corresponding to identities of one or more short-range wireless devices; and a processor configured to: identify presence of a short-range wireless device; and cause the dialysis machine to carry out an action when one or both of i) the presence of the short-range wireless device is identified, and ii) the presence of the short-range wireless device is no longer identified.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32); a control unit (12) is configured for calculating a sodium concentration value for the blood; the estimation of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the isoconductive sodium concentrate and of an offset contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate and phosphate.

Novel tools and techniques are provided for assessing, predicting and/or estimating a probability that a patient is bleeding, in some cases, noninvasively. In various embodiments, tools and techniques are provided for implementing rapid detection of bleeding of the patient or implementing assessment, prediction, or estimation of a probability of bleeding of the patient following injury, in some instances, in real-time before, during, and after fluid resuscitation. According to some embodiments, one or more sensors might monitor physiological data of the patient before, during, and after resuscitation following injury. A computer system might receive and analyze the physiological data, and might estimate a probability that the patient is bleeding, based at least in part on the analyzed physiological data. An indication of at least one of an assessment, prediction, or estimate of a probability that the patient is bleeding may then be displayed on a display device.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit (12) is configured for setting a sodium concentration value for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line (8) at a set point; the setting of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the blood plasma conductivity and of an adjustment contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, and phosphate.