An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid, and a sensor (11) for measuring conductivity of the dialysate (i.e. spent dialysis fluid); a control unit (12) configured for setting a sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid and after setting the dialysis fluid at the initial set point, circulating the dialysis fluid and/or the substitution fluid, measuring an initial conductivity value of the dialysate at the beginning of the treatment, and calculating, based on the measured initial conductivity value of the spent dialysis fluid and on the corresponding conductivity value of the dialysis fluid, the value of the initial plasma conductivity, said circulating the dialysis fluid up to the calculating of the initial plasma conductivity being performed maintaining the dialysis fluid conductivity substantially constant.

Provided herein are methods for maintaining physiological levels of thiosulfate in a subject undergoing hemodialysis. Also provided herein are methods of administering pharmaceutically acceptable sodium thiosulfate to a subject undergoing hemodialysis.

A dialysis machine useful in hemodialysis can process or treat a reverse osmosis water flow received through the machine to prepare a dialysate. The machine can include an additive source to introduce an additive, such as bicarbonate, to the reverse osmosis water flow. The machine can include a sensor in fluid communication with the additive introduction point that can measure the conductivity or similar characteristic of the solution. During a first time period when additive is actively introduced to the reverse osmosis water flow, the sensor can measure a relatively high conductivity value. During a second time period when additive is not introduced to the reverse osmosis water flow, the sensor can measure a relatively low conductivity value. The dialysis machine can include a controller that processes these measurements to assist control and operation of the machine.

A blood purification apparatus including a line section through which working dialysate to be introduced into a blood purifier or drain liquid discharged from the blood purifier is caused to flow; a delivery unit that delivers liquid in the line section; an introduction port connected to a supply route through which undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate is supplied, the introduction port allowing the undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate in the supply route to be introduced into the apparatus; an introduction route connected to the introduction port and through which the undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate introduced from the introduction port flows into the line section; a valve unit provided to the introduction route and being capable of opening or closing the introduction route by being opened or closed; and a control unit that controls an operation of opening or closing the valve unit. The control unit is capable of executing a flushing step in which when a cleaning solution or a disinfecting solution is caused to flow through the supply route, the valve unit is opened to allow the cleaning solution or the disinfecting solution flowing in the supply route to flow into the introduction route and through the line section to be discharged to an outside of the apparatus.

A system for preparing a medicament for use by a medicament user includes a proportioning machine with a controller and pumping and clamping actuators to engage a fluid circuit having pumping and clamping portions that engage with respective actuators of the proportioning machine. The fluid circuit includes a mixing container that is initially empty and later filled with two different concentrated medicaments from different concentrate containers and with purified water. The proportioning machine is configured to receive purified water and to mix it with the concentrated medicaments to produce a medicament and to output the medicament to a medicament consumer in such a way that to the medicament consumer the medicament appears to be provided from a bag of medicament. Custom mini batches of medicament may be produced by varying the amount of the concentrates and water.

A dialysis service box for centralized control and plumbing arrangement of a dialysis machine is disclosed. The dialysis service box includes a plumbing arrangement with a warm water inlet and a cold water inlet in fluid flow communication with a temperature mixing component. The thermostatic mixing component mixes the cold water and the warm water to produce mixed water maintained at a predetermined temperature between the temperature of the cold water and the temperature of the warm water. The dialysis service box can be universally installed to operate, control and adjust any dialysis machine that requires supply connection, waste connection, backflow preventer, thermostatic mixing component, a trap primer, or any combination of the foregoing.

A system for dialysis is disclosed. An example peritoneal dialysis system includes a peritoneal dialysis machine including a pumping mechanism, and a sensor configured to measure a property of peritoneal dialysis fluid. The peritoneal dialysis system also includes a disposable cassette operable with the peritoneal dialysis machine. The disposable cassette includes a fluid source inlet for accepting fluid from a fluid source and a fluid flow path in fluid communication with the fluid source inlet. The fluid flow path includes a pump chamber operable with the pumping mechanism to pump fluid through the fluid flow path. The disposable cassette also includes a concentrate inlet for fluidly communicating concentrate to the fluid flow path, and a sensor chamber located along the fluid flow path and operable with the sensor. The sensor is configured to provide feedback to the peritoneal dialysis machine for mixing the concentrate for forming peritoneal dialysis fluid.

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. In another aspect, a system for monitoring the adequacy of blood flow in a blood line of the hemodialysis apparatus allows a controller to suspend dialysate pumping operations if the adequacy of blood flow in the blood line is sub-optimal, and to present information on a display on the quality of blood flow in the blood line.

A dialysis machine, in particular for hemodialysis and/or hemofiltration, having a dialyzate system and having a water inlet via which the dialyzate system can be connected to an external water supply. The dialysis machine includes a constant flow regulator that is arranged between the water connection and the dialyzate system.

A fluid preparation system has a sealed sterilized fluid circuit with a sealed sterilized container with a conductivity sensor in communication with an interior of said container. Further, at least one sealed connector is adapted for adding fluid to said container, and at least one sealed connector is adapted for removing fluid from said container. The conductivity sensor is contained in a test line in communication with said interior and is adapted to be connected to a source of suction thereby to draw a sample of contents of said container. Furthermore, the test line may have a check valve to prevent ingress of contaminants into said container, and the sealed connector is adapted for adding fluid to said container and may have an inline sterile filter. Furthermore, the system may have a controller that controls pumping actuators.