A ceramic coating according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a bond coat layer formed on a substrate; and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer. The ceramic layer has a first region in contact with an interface between the ceramic layer and the bond coat layer and a second region father away from the interface than the first region from the interface. In a cross-section along a thickness direction of the ceramic layer, the number of crack intersection points at which two or more cracks intersect per unit area in the ceramic layer is larger in the first region than in the second region.

An encapsulation structure, an encapsulation method and an electronic device are provided. The encapsulation structure includes an inorganic layer, an aluminum carbon layer and an organic layer. The aluminum carbon layer is on the inorganic layer and contacts with the inorganic layer; the organic layer is on the aluminum carbon layer and contacts with the aluminum carbon layer.

A surface piece of crossing threads (12, 14) comprising plastic filaments, which as a woven fabric web (10) is equipped with two mutually opposing surfaces and with openings (16) formed therein. The fabric web comprises a metallisation applied on one side as a surface layer and between 15 and 80%, in particular between 20 and 70% of the fabric web is configured in the form of network intermediate spaces (16).

Provided is a chemical treatment steel sheet including a steel sheet; a composite coated layer which is formed on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and contains 2 to 200 mg/m.sup.2 of Ni in terms of an amount of metal Ni and 0.1 to 10 g/m.sup.2 of Sn in terms of an amount of metal Sn, and in which an island-shaped Sn coated layer is formed on an FeNiSn alloy layer; and a chemical treatment layer that is formed on the composite coated layer, and contains a 0.01 to 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 of Zr compounds in terms of an amount of metal Zr and 0.01 to 5 mg/m.sup.2 of phosphate compounds in terms of an amount of P.

A surface piece of crossing threads (12, 14) comprising plastic filaments, which as a woven fabric web (10) is equipped with two mutually opposing surfaces and with openings (16) formed therein. The fabric web comprises a metallization applied on one side as a surface layer and between 15 and 80%, in particular between 20 and 70% of the fabric web is configured in the form of network intermediate spaces (16).

A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a ceramic body including a dielectric layer, and a first internal electrode and a second internal electrode facing each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and a first external electrode electrically connected to the first internal electrode, and a second external electrode electrically connected to the second internal electrode, disposed on an outer surface of the ceramic body. Each of the first and second external electrodes includes a first electrode layer including a conductive metal and a plating layer disposed on the first electrode layer. The first electrode layer extends beyond the plating layer on the ceramic body, and includes a first area covered by the plating layer, and a second area extending from the first area, and an insulating layer covers the second area.

A method, in accordance with one embodiment, includes forming an array of structures from a raw material via cold spray. Each of the structures is characterized by having a defined feature size in at least one dimension of less than 100 microns as measured in a plane of deposition of the structure, at least 90% of a theoretical density of the raw material, and essentially the same functional properties as the raw material. A method, in accordance with another embodiment, includes positioning a mask between a cold spray nozzle and a substrate, and forming a structure on the substrate by cold spraying a raw material from the cold spray nozzle. The structure has a shape corresponding to an aperture in the mask.

The invention relates to an inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent for a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium free surface treated steel plate, a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium-free surface treated steel plate used for fuel tanks and a process of making the same. The inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent for a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium free surface treated steel plate comprises the following components: one or more metallic ion compounds comprising at least one of Zn.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Al.sup.3+ and Ca.sup.2+; one or more vanadium compounds comprising at least one of V.sup.4+ and V.sup.5+; one or more compounds comprising at least one of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, organic phosphoric acid and the ammonium salts thereof; one or more fluoric acid compounds comprising at least one of Zr, Ti, Si and Ha; one or more silane coupling agents comprising at least one of vinyl silane coupling agent, amino silane coupling agent, epoxy silane coupling agent and acryloxy silane coupling agent; a silica sol having a particle diameter less than 100 nm; one or more surfactants comprising at least one of carboxylate, sulfuric acid ester salt, sulfonate and phosphoric acid ester salt; wherein the total solid content in the inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent is 2 wt %-20 wt % of the surface treatment agent. The process for preparing the single-face electrogalvanized chromium-free surface treated steel plate used for fuel tanks comprises the steps of coating the plated surface of the single-face electrogalvanized steel plate with the above surface treatment agent, solidifying at a temperature of 70-100 C., and finally oil finishing on the surface to produce a skin film resulting from the surface treatment with a weight of 100-600 mg/m.sup.2.

Provided is a chemical treatment steel sheet including a steel sheet; a composite coated layer which is formed on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and contains 2 to 200 mg/m.sup.2 of Ni in terms of an amount of metal Ni and 0.1 to 10 g/m.sup.2 of Sn in terms of an amount of metal Sn, and in which an island-shaped Sn coated layer is formed on an FeNiSn alloy layer; and a chemical treatment layer that is formed on the composite coated layer, and contains a 0.01 to 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 of Zr compounds in terms of an amount of metal Zr and 0.01 to 5 mg/m.sup.2 of phosphate compounds in terms of an amount of P.

A metal sheet assembly is provided. The metal sheet assembly includes a first metal sheet having two faces, each face is hot dip coated with a metal coating comprising zinc, from 0.7 to 6 wt % of aluminum and from 0.1 to 10 wt % of magnesium. An acid solution with a pH from 1 to 4 is applied to outer surfaces of the metal coatings. An adhesive locally is applied on at least one acid solution-treated outer surface of the metal coating, the adhesive is selected from structural, reinforced structural or semi-structural adhesives, sealing putties and wedging putties. A second metal sheet is assembled to the first metal sheet via the adhesive.