A cementitious composite for in-situ hydration includes a first layer, a second layer spaced from the first layer, and a cementitious mixture disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The cementitious mixture includes cementitious materials. The cementitious mixture is configured to absorb a mass of water that provides a maximum 28 day compressive strength of the cementitious composite upon curing which is represented by M.sub.w=x.Math.M.sub.c. M.sub.w is the mass of the water per unit area of the cementitious composite. M.sub.c is a mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite. x is a ratio of the mass of the water relative to the mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite that provides the maximum 28 day compressive strength of the cementitious composite. x is between 0.25 and 0.55.

A cementitious composite material for in-situ hydration includes a mesh layer, a cementitious material, a sealing layer, and a containment layer. The mesh layer has a first side and a second side. The mesh layer includes a plurality of discontinuous fibers arranged in a nonwoven configuration and coupled with one another. The cementitious material is disposed within the mesh layer. The cementitious material includes a plurality of cementitious particles. The sealing layer is disposed along the first side of the mesh layer and coupled to the plurality of discontinuous nonwoven fibers. The containment layer is disposed along the second side of the mesh layer and configured to prevent the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the mesh layer.

A cementitious composite for in-situ hydration includes a first layer, a second layer spaced from the first layer, and a cementitious mixture disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The cementitious mixture includes cementitious materials. The cementitious mixture is configured to absorb a mass of water that provides a maximum 28 day compressive strength of the cementitious composite upon curing which is represented by M.sub.w=x.Math.M.sub.c. M.sub.w is the mass of the water per unit area of the cementitious composite. M.sub.c is a mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite. x is a ratio of the mass of the water relative to the mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite that provides the maximum 28 day compressive strength of the cementitious composite. x is between 0.25 and 0.55.

A resin-soluble thermoplastic polymer veil toughening element for a curable composition wherein the polymer element is a non-woven veil in solid phase adapted to undergo at least partial phase transition to fluid phase on contact with a component of the curable resin matrix composition in which it is soluble at a temperature which is less than the temperature for substantial onset of gelling and/or curing of the curable composition and which temperature is less than the polymer elements melt temperature; a method for the preparation thereof, a preform support structure for a curable composition comprising the at least one thermoplastic veil element together with structural reinforcement fibers, methods for preparation thereof, a curable composition comprising the at least one thermoplastic veil element or the support structure and a curable resin matrix composition, a method for preparation and curing thereof, and a cured composite or resin body obtained thereby, and known and novel uses thereof.

A cementitious composite material for in-situ hydration includes a first layer having a nonwoven configuration and a cementitious material disposed within the first layer. The first layer has a first side and an opposing second side, and the first layer includes a plurality of discrete nodes spaced relative to one another along a first direction and a second direction. The cementitious composite material further includes a second layer disposed along the first side of the first layer and a third layer disposed along the opposing second side of the first layer and configured to prevent at least a portion of the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the first layer. The cementitious material includes a plurality of cementitious particles, the first layer and the second layer include flexible materials, and the second layer is coupled to the first layer at the plurality of discrete nodes.