A system and method of forming a wear resistant composite material includes placing a porous wear resistant filler material in a mold cavity and infiltrating the filler material with a matrix material by heating to a temperature sufficient to melt the matrix material, then cooling the assembly to form a wear resistant composite material. The system and method can be used to form the wear resistant composite material on the surface of a substrate, such as a part for excavating equipment or other mechanical part. One suitable matrix material may be any of a variety of ductile iron alloys.

A material contains open pores in which the channels and pores that are internally coated with at least one layer of phosphorus-containing alumina. Such material is formed by infiltrating a porous material one or more times with a non-colloidal, low-viscosity liquid coating precursor, drying, and curing the coating precursor to form a phosphorus-containing alumina layer within pores of the material.

An optical article includes an optical element, a low refractive index layer disposed on the optical element having an effective refractive index of 1.3 or less and a polymeric protective layer disposed on the low refractive index layer. The low refractive index layer includes a binder, a plurality of metal oxide particles dispersed in the binder, and a plurality of interconnected voids. The polymeric protective layer does not increase an effective refractive index of the optical article by greater than 10%.

A process for producing a non-dense sintered ceramic molded body having at least two layers, wherein a first powdery ceramic material forming a layer is contacted with at least a second powdery material forming at least a second layer; said first powdery material has a presintering temperature T.sub.1 that is higher than the presintering temperature T.sub.S of said at least second powdery ceramic material; the course of a curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 of said at least first powdery ceramic material differs from the course of a curve of shrinkage S.sub.2 of said at least second powdery material, wherein curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 is shifted towards higher temperatures as compared to curve of shrinkage S.sub.2; and the layers are subjected to a common temperature treatment at a presintering temperature T.sub.S that is lower than the presintering temperature T.sub.1 and at least equal to T.sub.3 to cause sintering that remains in a stage of sintering that has not proceeded to the theoretical density; wherein the curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 is modified by admixing at least one component having a curve of shrinkage S.sub.3 which material is compatible with said powdery ceramic material into said first powdery ceramic material, i.e. has a grain size smaller than the first powdery ceramic material, to equalize the curves of shrinkage S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 in the region of the presintering temperature T.sub.S.

This invention relates to methods of generating NP gallium nitride (GaN) across large areas (>1 cm.sup.2) with controlled pore diameters, pore density, and porosity. Also disclosed are methods of generating novel optoelectronic devices based on porous GaN. Additionally a layer transfer scheme to separate and create free-standing crystalline GaN thin layers is disclosed that enables a new device manufacturing paradigm involving substrate recycling. Other disclosed embodiments of this invention relate to fabrication of GaN based nanocrystals and the use of NP GaN electrodes for electrolysis, water splitting, or photosynthetic process applications.

To provide a surface structure of an aluminum-based member which can further improve heat insulating properties and heat shielding properties of the aluminum-based member. In an aluminum-based member 1 containing at least a silicon composition, a porous oxide film 2 is provided on a surface of the aluminum-based member 1, and the oxide film 2 is constituted to have at least a pore 2a extending from the surface toward an inside in a thickness direction of the oxide film 2 and a void 3a present inside the silicon composition 3 extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the oxide film 2.

A process for producing a non-dense sintered ceramic molded body having at least two layers, wherein a first powdery ceramic material forming a layer is contacted with at least a second powdery material forming at least a second layer; said first powdery material has a presintering temperature T.sub.1 that is higher than the presintering temperature T.sub.s of said at least second powdery ceramic material; the course of a curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 of said at least first powdery ceramic material differs from the course of a curve of shrinkage S.sub.2 of said at least second powdery material, wherein curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 is shifted towards higher temperatures as compared to curve of shrinkage S.sub.2; and the layers are subjected to a common temperature treatment at a presintering temperature T.sub.s that is lower than the presintering temperature T.sub.1 and at least equal to T.sub.3 to cause sintering that remains in a stage of sintering that has not proceeded to the theoretical density; wherein the curve of shrinkage S.sub.1 is modified by admixing at least one component having a curve of shrinkage S.sub.3 which material is compatible with said powdery ceramic material into said first powdery ceramic material, i. e. has a grain size smaller than the first powdery ceramic material, to equalize the curves of shrinkage S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 in the region of the presintering temperature T.sub.s.

Release liners and methods protect one or more adhesives, wherein the release liners and/or methods comprise at least one abhesive release layer and at least one layer of a getter material capable of sorbing at least one permeable substance, wherein the getter material is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of lithium, beryllium, boron, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, nickel, zinc, gallium, germanium, cadmium, indium, caesium, barium, boron oxide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide, indium oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide and mixtures of two or more of the above substances.

A sol-gel method for forming durable, scratch-resistant coatings on glass substrates. Zirconia coatings, for example, are formed from a solution of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in an organic, polar, aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. Annealed coatings, which optionally include an additive such as graphene, have a low coefficient of friction and can exhibit high hardness and hydrophobicity.

A process for depositing an electrically conductive, preferably perovskitic layer uses a pulsed sputtering process. The layer has a low diffusivity for the elements in the iron group and is especially suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). An assembly of the electrically conductive ceramic layer on a porous support substrate is also provided.