Embodiments herein relate to a medical device for treating a cancerous tumor, the medical device having a first lead including a first wire and second wire; a second lead can include a third wire and fourth wire; and a first electrode in electrical communication with the first wire, a second electrode in electrical communication with the second wire, a third electrode in electrical communication with the third wire, and a fourth electrode in electrical communication with the fourth wire. The first and third electrodes form a supply electrode pair configured to deliver one or more electric fields to the cancerous tumor. The second and fourth electrodes form a sensing electrode pair configured to measure an impedance of the cancerous tumor independent of an impedance of the first electrode, the first wire, the third electrode, the third wire, and components in electrical communication therewith. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Described is a method of treating a subject diagnosed with cancer, breast cancer, bone cancer, lung cancer, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, and a combination of any thereof by applying a bioelectric signal or signals that upregulate the expression of Osteoprotegerin (“OPG”) and thus beneficially effect the subject's OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway.

Disclosed are methods of increasing blood circulation at a target site of a subject comprising exposing a target site of the subject to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, and exposing the target site of the subject to a vasodilator, wherein the vasodilator increases blood circulation at the target site of the subject. Disclosed are methods of maintaining or decreasing temperature at a target site of a subject comprising exposing a target site of the subject to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, and exposing the target site of the subject to a vasodilator, wherein the vasodilator increases circulation at the target site of the subject, wherein increased circulation maintains or decreases temperature at the target site.

Disclosed are methods of delivering a therapeutic to a target site of a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic from lipid capsule at the target site of the subject. Disclosed are methods of increasing target site specific release of a therapeutic agent in a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject, thereby increasing the target site specific release of the therapeutic agent. Disclosed are methods of treating comprise administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject in need thereof, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject in need thereof, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject in need thereof. Disclosed are methods of killing a cell comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field for a period of time, to the target site, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site, wherein the target site comprises a cell, wherein the therapeutic kills the cell.

Methods of treating cancer are provided. In some instances, the method comprises applying alternating electric fields to the abdomen of the subject at a frequency of 100 to 500 kHz, administering a checkpoint inhibitor to the subject, and administering systemic cancer therapy to the subject. In some instances, the cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body with improved safety and efficacy by determining the condition of participating electrode elements and/or the subject's skin condition under positioned electrode elements. This may be accomplished by applying an AC signal to pairs or groups of electrode elements and taking corresponding impedance measurements. In some embodiments, the impedance measurements are indicative of electrode element condition and/or skin condition. These determined conditions can be used to adjust or pause TTFields treatment, for example to permit skin recovery or to ensure that participating electrode elements will properly function.

A method for treating tumor cells around a resection cavity comprises positioning a nonconductive material within a resection cavity that is adjacent to a target region. At least a first electrode and a second electrode are positioned relative to the tumor resection cavity so that electric fields between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode travel through the target region. Tumor-treating electric fields are the generated between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode.

A transducer array including a conductive layer and a conductive gel layer is described. The conductive layer has one or more electrode element. The one or more electrode element is configured to receive electrical signals from an electric field generator producing an electric signal as a Tumor Treating Field. The conductive gel layer overlaps the one or more electrode element of the conductive layer. The conductive gel layer has a first region and a second region. The first region has a first resistivity and the second region having a second resistivity with the first resistivity being different from the second resistivity.

Disclosed herein are methods of increasing sensitivity of a cancer cell to alternating electric fields comprising exposing the cancer cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, and exposing the cancer cell to an IGFR1 inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor. Disclosed are methods of increasing treatment efficacy comprising applying an alternating electric field to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more cancer cells, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of an IGF1R inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor, and/or ERK inhibitor to the subject. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject having cancer comprising applying an alternating electric field to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more cancer cells, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of an IGF1R inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor, and/or ERK inhibitor to the subject. Disclosed are methods of reducing viability of cancer cells using an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength in combination with either an IGF1R inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor, and/or ERK inhibitor. Disclosed are methods of increasing apoptosis of a cancer cell comprising exposing the cancer cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength; and exposing the cancer cell to an IGFR1 inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor.

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject having a disease or disorder comprising stimulating a nerve of the subject with a corrective stimulus pattern derived from a disease-specific, condition-specific, endogenous mediator-specific or pharmacologic agent-specific neurogram in an amount and manner effective to treat the disease or disorder.