This specification generally relates to a biphasic injectable electrode which comprises a plurality of solid particles and a transporter phase, wherein both the solid particles and the transporter phase comprise poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate. The biphasic injectable electrode, in use in a surgical resection cavity in the brain includes inserting the biphasic injectable electrode into a surgical resection cavity in the brain with a tumor resection margin. A probe is inserted into the electrode and four counter electrodes are implanted in the surrounding brain tissue. A charge delivery device delivers charge to the probe via a wire both of which have also been implanted.

This application describes a variety of approaches for generating high voltage sinusoidal signals whose output voltage can be adjusted rapidly, without introducing high-frequency artifacts on the output. When these approaches are used, stronger electric fields can be applied to the tumor for a higher percentage of time, which can increase the efficacy of TTFields therapy. In some embodiments, this is accomplished by preventing adjustments to a DC power source during times when the output of that DC power source is powering the output signal. In some embodiments, this is accomplished by synchronizing the operation of an AC voltage generator and an electronic switch that is connected to the output of the AC voltage generator.

Alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) may be applied to a subject's body using an electrode assembly that includes a skin contact layer formed at least partially of a conductive adhesive composite. An electrode element is electrically coupled to the conductive adhesive composite. Optionally, the electrode assembly can include a layer (e.g., sheet) of anisotropic material between the electrode element and the skin contact layer. Optionally, the skin contact layer may comprise an outer adhesive layer comprising conductive adhesive composite, an inner adhesive layer comprising conductive adhesive composite, and a substrate positioned between the inner and outer adhesive layers.

A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: an array of electrode elements electrically coupled to each other, the array including all electrode elements present on the transducer apparatus, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a face facing the subject's body; wherein, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the face of the array, an outer perimeter of the array substantially tracing the electrode elements of the array has a rounded convex shape; a number of the electrode elements of the array are peripheral electrode elements defining the outer perimeter of the array, the peripheral electrode elements substantially surrounding any other electrode elements of the array; and wherein for each peripheral electrode element, at least a portion of a length of a perimeter of the peripheral electrode element is touching the outer perimeter of the array.

Various embodiments for system and method for cerebral implantation strategy for delivery of alternating electric field therapy are described. For example, a system may include processing circuitry configured for operative communication with a conformable grid comprising a plurality of modular grid elements having a plurality of electrodes configured for implantation in a cerebrum, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to model brain tissue to define inter-contact and intra-contact distances along the conformable grid and each of the plurality of electrodes; determine the spacing between the plurality of modular grid elements of the conformable grid. A user interface may display a visual representation of the cerebrum including identification of a sub-region of the cerebrum and display a representation of the spacing between the plurality of modular grid elements of the conformable grid and a depth of each electrode of the plurality of electrodes.

Disclosed are apparatuses comprising at least one electrode element having a skin-facing surface; a skin contact layer comprising an adhesive composite, and an adhesive tape or bandage. Disclosed are methods comprising positioning one or more electrode assemblies on a target site of a subject, the one or more electrode assemblies comprising at least one electrode element having a skin-facing surface; a skin contact layer comprising a conductive adhesive composite, and an adhesive tape or bandage, wherein the at least one electrode element is electrically coupled to the skin contact layer. In some aspects, the methods further comprise removing at least one of the one or more electrode assemblies from the target site of the subject after a period of time. In some aspects, after removal of the one or more electrode assemblies, the target site is evaluated for an adverse event.

An apparatus for delivering a plurality of electromagnetic fields to a body of an individual. The apparatus includes a plurality of electrode elements and a control device coupled with the plurality of electrode elements. The control device is configured to detect temperatures of the plurality of electrode elements, determine alternate firing sequences of the plurality of electrode elements, and implement the determined alternate firing sequences for delivering the plurality of electromagnetic fields for treating tumors in the body of the individual and reducing temperatures of the plurality of electrode elements.

Systems and methods for treating cancerous tumors (including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)) with electrotherapy, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) technology, as disclosed herein. One or more configurations can be generated based on a patients tumor characteristics. The selected configurations can be electrode configurations or settings for an electrical source coupled to the electrodes. The one or more configurations can be targeted for inhibiting cell growth process, such as to inhibit mitosis, immune suppression, or to inhibit DNA replication. Inhibition of cell growth processes can initiate death of the cancerous cells.

A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates a method of diagnosis and/or treatment of a solid tumor. The method includes directly measuring neural activity within a solid tumor for a time and determining a state of the solid tumor based on the neural activity. The diagnosis and/or treatment can be determined based on the state of the solid tumor. In some instances, the neural activity can be used in a closed loop to detect the neural activity, determine the state, determine the risk, apply treatment, check again for neural activity, and cease treatment when the neural activity is gone.