This publication discloses an electronic module, comprising a first conductive pattern layer and a first insulating-material layer on at least one surface of the first conductive pattern layer, at least one opening in the first insulating-material layer that extends through the first insulating-material layer, a component having a contact surface with contact terminals, the component being arranged at least partially within the opening with its contact terminals electrically coupled to the first conductive pattern layer, a second insulating-material layer provided on the first insulating-material layer, and a conductive pattern embedded between the first and second insulating material layers. This publication additionally discloses a method for manufacturing an electronic module.

A method of forming a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) includes forming a lower electrode on a first insulator layer within a cavity of the MEMS. The method further includes forming an upper electrode over another insulator material on top of the lower electrode which is at least partially in contact with the lower electrode. The forming of the lower electrode and the upper electrode includes adjusting a metal volume of the lower electrode and the upper electrode to modify beam bending.

A method of forming at least one Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) includes patterning a wiring layer to form at least one fixed plate and forming a sacrificial material on the wiring layer. The method further includes forming an insulator layer of one or more films over the at least one fixed plate and exposed portions of an underlying substrate to prevent formation of a reaction product between the wiring layer and a sacrificial material. The method further includes forming at least one MEMS beam that is moveable over the at least one fixed plate. The method further includes venting or stripping of the sacrificial material to form at least a first cavity.

A method of forming a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) includes forming a lower electrode on a first insulator layer within a cavity of the MEMS. The method further includes forming an upper electrode over another insulator material on top of the lower electrode which is at least partially in contact with the lower electrode. The forming of the lower electrode and the upper electrode includes adjusting a metal volume of the lower electrode and the upper electrode to modify beam bending.

Described are processes for developing laminated circuit boards, as well as the resulting circuit boards themselves. Accordingly, at least two circuit boards at least partially overlap each other, and at least one through-hole is formed in an overlapping region thereof. The through-hole is filled with an electrically-conductive material, forming a through-via that enables the circuit boards to be electrically connected. When a circuit on each circuit board is laid out so that a part thereof reaches a region in which the through-via is to be formed, then that part of the circuit can be electrically connected to the through-via. Thus, portions of the circuits on the circuit boards can be electrically connected to each other via common through-vias to realize an integrated device in which the circuits on the laminated circuit boards function.

A connecting structure includes an insulation base, first pads, and second pads. The insulation base includes a first surface, a second surface, and a lateral surface connecting therebetween. First grooves are defined on the first surface, second grooves are defined on the second surface, third grooves are defined on the lateral surface. Each third groove connects one first groove and one second groove. The first pads are deposited in the first grooves. The second pads are deposited in the second grooves. Wiring portions are deposited in the third grooves, each wiring portion connects one first pad and one second pad. A conductive ink layer is coated on the first and the second pads. A protective ink layer is coated on the wiring portions and the insulating base except for the first and the second pads. The first and the second grooves are stepped grooves.

Some embodiments of the inventive subject matter are directed to forming, on a first circuit board, first pins that connect to first leads of a first electronic component; forming, on the first circuit board, second pins that connect to second leads of a second electronic component; affixing the first circuit board to a second circuit board having a first layer with first wires; and forming second wires on a second layer of the second circuit board, wherein said forming the second wires creates an electrical connection on the second circuit board between a portion of the first pins and a portion of the second pins. In some embodiments, the second circuit board is smaller than the first circuit board, and the second layer of the second circuit board is, in length, approximately equivalent to a distance between the first electronic component and the second electronic component.

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation.

The present invention is notably directed to a printed circuit board, or PCB. This PCB has two main surfaces, each delimited by lateral edges, as well as lateral surfaces, each meeting each of the two main surfaces at one lateral edge. The present PCB further comprises a row of solder pads, which extends along a lateral edge of the PCB. Each solder pad is formed directly at the lateral edge and/or directly on a lateral surface (meeting one of the two main surfaces at said lateral edge). I.e., each pad interrupts a lateral edge and/or an adjoining lateral surface. One or more chips, e.g., memory chips, can be mounted on such a PCB to form an IC package. The above solder pad arrangement allows particularly dense arrangements of IC packages to be obtained. The present invention is further directed to related devices and methods of fabrication thereof.

A line card of a set of line cards is configured to be coupled to a set of switch-fabric cards to collectively define at least a portion of an orthogonal cross fabric without a midplane board. The line card has an edge portion, a first side and a second side, opposite the first side. The line card includes a set of first set of connectors and a second set of connectors. The first set of connectors is disposed along the edge portion on the first side of the line card and the second set of connectors is disposed along the edge portion on the second side of the line card.