The present application relates to systems and methods used to characterize or verify the accuracy of a tracker comprising optically detectable features. The tracker may be used in spatial localization using an optical sensor. Characterization results in the calculation of a Tracker Definition that includes geometrical characteristics of the tracker. Verification results in an assessment of accuracy of a tracker against an existing Tracker Definition.

Localization array position determination in a treatment room coordinate system is described. A method may include imaging, using an imaging system, a position of one or more markers integrated with a localization array in a treatment room and transforming the position of the one or more markers to a treatment room coordinate system. The method also includes determining the position of the localization array in the treatment room coordinate system based on the transforming.

The invention comprises a segmented rolling floor apparatus and method of use thereof, such as for use in a charged particle cancer therapy system. The segmented rolling floor comprises a first spool and a second spool, attached to opposite ends of the rolling floor, which cooperatively wind and unwind the rolling floor. The segmented rolling floor circumferentially surrounds a nozzle system penetrating through an aperture in the segmented rolling floor, where the nozzle system is used to deliver charged particles, from an accelerator, to a tumor of a patient. The rolling floor and nozzle systems move at respective rates maintaining the nozzle system in the aperture allowing for a safe/walkable floor while allowing treatment of the tumor as a gantry rotates the nozzle system and delivers protons to the tumor from positions above and below the floor.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for determining a location of a wireless marker for a tumor, the apparatus comprising: a phased array antenna, and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to control the phased array antenna to transmit a wireless signal to the wireless marker, receive a wireless signal transmitted by the wireless marker in response to the transmitted wireless signal, and analyze the wireless signals transmitted and received by the phased array antenna to determine a location of the wireless marker. The present disclosure also provides a method for determining a location of a wireless marker for a tumor, wherein the method comprises: transmitting, using a phased antenna array, a wireless signal to the wireless marker, receiving, at the phased antenna array, a wireless signal transmitted by the wireless marker in response to the transmitted wireless signal, and analyzing the wireless signals transmitted and received by the phased array antenna to determine a location of the wireless marker.

A fusogenic liposome comprising a detectable agent and optionally a cytotoxic drug in its internal aqueous compartment or bound to the liposome membrane is provided, wherein said fusogenic liposome comprises a lipid bilayer comprising a plurality of lipid molecules having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and at least one of said lipid molecules further comprises a cationic group, a cationic natural or synthetic polymer, a cationic amino sugar, a cationic polyamino acid or an amphiphilic cancer-cell binding peptide; and at least one of said lipid molecules further comprises a stabilizing moiety selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dextran, a polyamino acid, methyl-polyoxazoline, polyglycerol, poly(acryloyl morpholine), and polyacrylamide. Methods utilizing these liposomes in treatment of cancer are further provided.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging a tumor with X-rays while, simultaneously or alternatingly, treating or imaging the tumor with positively charged particles. An X-ray imaging system, such as one or two sets of a cone beam X-ray source coupled to an X-ray detector, is rotatable about a first axis and a patient. The X-ray imaging system is positioned off axis a path of charged particles delivered through an exit port of a nozzle system from a synchrotron and does not block a path of the positively charged particles from the exit nozzle to the patient or an imaging path from the patient to a scintillation detector. Fiducial indicators are used to confirm an unobstructed path of the positively charged particles in a treatment room comprising many movable elements, such as the X-ray imaging system and a patient positioning system/couch.

Disclosed herein are methods for determining the location of a moving target region (e.g., a tumor) based on the location of the center of its range of motion and the location of a target region surrogate, during a radiotherapy treatment session or a quality assurance (QA) session. These methods comprise characterizing the motion range of the target region, calculating the location of the center of the motion range, and determining a correlation between the position of the target region surrogate and the displacement of the target region from the center of the motion range as the target region moves.

A method including applying a first target-subject-specific model associated with a target subject to a treatment planning image to generate a transformed treatment planning image corresponding to a first position of a plurality of positions. The method also includes modifying one or more hyper-parameters of the first target-subject-specific model to generate a second target-subject-specific model corresponding to a second position of the plurality of positions. The method further includes controlling a radiation treatment delivery device based on the second target-subject-specific model to deliver a radiation treatment to the target subject.

A system to determine the isocenter of a LINAC includes apparatus and processes. One embodiment does this by determining the axis of rotation for the collimator, the gantry, and may include the couch. In another embodiment only determining the axis of the rotation of the collimator is required. The system and apparatus enable the tracking of the translation-rotation of mechanical components attached to the LINAC to compute the axis of rotation of gantry, collimator and couch. Based on the data collected related to these axes the LINAC isocenter is determined. The primary apparatus utilized in the system includes a single emitter module, a signal receiver module, and a positioning module. The system also includes an isocenter target module and a gravity module to determine a gravity vector relative to the signal receiver.

Systems and methods for delivering a radiation beam using a linear accelerator (LINAC). Optimal beam alignment parameters may be determined and stored for each of N gantry angles. The beam alignment parameters may adjust a current supplied to one or more bending magnets of the LINAC and, thus, change an angle and direction of the radiation beam. An optimum beam alignment parameter for a gantry angle may be determined by adjusting the beam alignment parameter until a center of a radiation field of the radiation beam in a radiation transmission image is at a center of shadow of a radiation opaque marker, which may be placed at a radiation isocenter. The beam alignment parameters stored for the N gantry angles may be used to adjust the beam steering current as the gantry is rotated through any arbitrary gantry angle.