The protective helmet, the fit pod assemblies and the respective components relates to methods, devices, and systems for improved helmet systems to enhance athletic performance by dispersing impact forces and/or improving helmet comfort and/or fit through size customization and/or conforming to contours of a wearer's head. If desired, the various fit pod assemblies can include modular features to provide a semi-custom and/or customized feel for plug and play assembly and/or retrofitting a commercially available helmet and/or other item of protective clothing.

A helmet for work or sports, including a structure having a substantially convex outer surface and a substantially concave inner surface; a protective body of polystyrene, having a first portion engageable to the inner surface and a second portion having a concavity for receiving the head of a user. The protective body includes: a base element made up of a first material for shock and/or impacts absorption having a predetermined first density value, the base element having a concave surface defining the concavity and a housing cavity facing away with respect to the concave surface; a protective insert made of a second material for shock and/or impact absorption having a second predetermined different density value, preferably lower, than the first density value of the first material, the protective insert being at least partially insertable in the housing cavity.

A helmet for work or sports including a structure having a substantially convex outer surface and a substantially concave inner surface; a protective body having a first portion engageable to the inner surface and a second portion having at least one concavity adapted to receive in engagement the head of a user. The helmet includes a coupling mechanism operatively interposed between the structure and the protective body to ensure a removable engagement of the latter to the structure. The coupling mechanism includes a coupling seat; a coupling element engaging the coupling seat so that the protective body can be positioned according to at least two different positions with respect to the structure of the helmet.

A helmet to be worn on a head having an annular headband shaped area. The headband shaped area positioned near an upper junction of the ears and the wearer's head. A top area is centered about a top of the wearer's head. A middle area defined between the headband area and the top area. The helmet includes a shell having an inner surface. A first type of subliner elements extend from the inner surface at a location such that the first type of subliner elements are aligned with the headband area. A second type of subliner elements extend from the inner surface at a location such that the second type of subliner elements are aligned with the middle area. A third type of subliner element extends from the inner surface at a location such that the third type of subliner element is aligned with the top area.

Apparatus for protecting the head of a person from an external force includes an inner shell which fits over the head of the person and an outer shell which fits over the inner shell. A plurality of bags which contain a pressurized gas are disposed between the inner shell and the outer shell. When an external force is applied to the outer shell some of the bags distribute and partially absorb the external force thereby reducing the force experienced by the person.

A helmet body includes an outer shell and an energy management liner with an outer shell lower edge extending between the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer shell. At least two shoulder pad recesses are positioned at a lower edge of the outer shell on a respective left and right sides of the helmet. The energy management liner is adjacent to the inner surface of the outer shell and includes at least two shoulder pads formed of a foamed energy management material. Each of the at least two shoulder pads is received into one of the at least two shoulder pad recesses on the respective left or right side of the helmet, each shoulder pad extending from inside of the outer shell to across at least a majority of a width of the lower edge of the outer shell.

A cycling helmet includes an outer shell and a closed cell foam layer adjacent to the outer shell. The cycling helmet also includes an inner liner adjacent to the closed cell foam layer. The cycling helmet further includes an insert of energy absorbing material adjacent to the inner liner. The insert is configured to move in multiple directions in response to an impact to the cycling helmet.

A weak value amplification (WVA) Corolis vibratory gyroscope (CVG) is provided for measuring angular rate. The WVA CVG includes a vibratory structure that induces a deflection; an optical weak value amplifier that amplifies the deflection as an amplified signal; and a weak value detector to measure the amplified signal to determine the angular rate. Further exemplary embodiments provide first and second plates, a laser, a polarizing filter, a beam-splitter, left and right mirrors, a half-wave plate, a retarder and a detector. The laser emits an emission beam of photons. The polarizing filter polarizes the emission beam. The beam-splitter divides the beam into left and right beams reflected by the left and right mirrors. The retarder imposes a phase difference between the left and right beams. The detector measures the left and right beams.

An impact attenuation lattice structure includes a plurality of unit cells. Each of the plurality of unit cells has a horizontal plane, a central axis, and a plurality of struts that form a plurality of sidewall frames. Each of the plurality of sidewall frames are angled relative to the central axis and the horizontal plane is perpendicular to the central axis. The plurality of unit cells are connected to one another to form a lattice structure. A first unit cell of the plurality of unit cells share one sidewall frame of the plurality of sidewall frames with a second unit cell of the plurality of unit cells adjacent to the first unit cell. The second unit cell is in an inverted position about the horizontal plane compared to the first unit cell.

A helmet may include an upper-body comprising a first outer shell coupled to a first energy-absorbing shell formed of expanded polypropylene (EPP), expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polyurethane (EPU), or expanded polyolefin (EPO). A lower-body may include a second outer shell coupled to a second energy-absorbing shell formed of EPP, EPS, EPU, or EPO, wherein an upper portion of the lower-body is nested within the upper-body and a lower portion of the lower-body extends to an outer surface of a lower portion of the upper-body. A strap anchor may be disposed between the upper-body and the lower-body, and be sandwiched between the upper-body and the lower-body with the strap anchor being adjacent to, and oriented towards, the lower-body. A strap may be coupled to the fastening device and coupled to the strap anchor for coupling the helmet to a head of a user.