Generation of treatment recommendations for topographic-based excimer laser surgical procedures is described that includes generating accurate cylinder compensation and spherical compensation values that are adjusted to compensate for unique characteristics of advanced topographic-based excimer laser surgical systems. Generating treatment recommendations generally includes determining a topographic vector from a topographic corneal map of the eye, determining a posterior astigmatism vector and an anterior astigmatism vector for the eye, and generating an interior astigmatism vector using the topographic vector, the posterior astigmatism vector, the anterior astigmatism vector, and a manifest astigmatism vector. In various embodiments, the cylinder compensation is generated using the interior astigmatism vector and the posterior astigmatism vector, and the spherical compensation is generated using an initial spherical compensation modified by a topographic addback modifier and a cylinder addback modifier.

A mobile communication device-based corneal topography system includes an illumination system, a mobile communication device and a corneal topography optical housing. The illumination system is configured to generate an illumination pattern and to generate reflections of the illumination pattern off a cornea of a subject, wherein the illumination system is aligned along an axis of centers of the illumination pattern. The mobile communication device includes an image sensor to capture an image of the reflected illumination pattern. The corneal topography optical housing is coupled to the illumination system and the mobile communication device, wherein the corneal topography optical housing supports and aligns the illumination system with the image sensor of the mobile communication device. The corneal topography optical housing includes an imaging system coupled to the image sensor.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for making a determination about an eye comprising detecting light reflected out of an eye of a subject from a retina of the eye of the subject and making a determination about the eye of the subject based upon the reflected light, wherein the light is adjusted for color temperature when making the determination about the eye.

A wide field fundus camera is disclosed to implement multiple illumination beam projectors and to capture multiple retinal images at various viewing angles to facilitate wide field retinal examination. The wide field fundus camera contemplates an ultra-wide field lens that can provide edge to edge imaging of the entire retina at a single alignment. The wide field fundus camera contemplates configuration of said multiple illumination beam projectors to provide visualization of retina and Purkinje reflections simultaneously to facilitate determination of proper camera alignment with the eye. The wide field fundus camera further contemplates control of multiple illumination beam projectors in a programmable manner to further assess alignment of each illumination beam projector with the eye and to capture said multiple retinal images. The wide field fundus camera further contemplates a consumer image recording device with fast auto focusing and fast continuous image capture to make the device easy to use and quick to respond. The wide field fundus camera further contemplates narrow and broad slit beam illuminations to enhance autofocusing, imaging through less transparent crystalline lens, and reduction of haze due to reflected and scattered light from camera and ocular surfaces other than the retina. The wide field camera contemplates a real-time algorithm to reduce said reflected and scattered light haze in said retinal images. The wide field camera further contemplates automated montage of said multiple retinal images into a single wide field FOV retinal montage and automated removal reflected and scattered light haze from said retinal montage. The wide field camera further contemplates to automatically identify camera alignment with the eye and standardize an alignment procedure to simplify reflected and scattered light haze to facilitate dehaze and auto montage of said retinal images.

A portable apparatus for imaging an eye in a patient includes a housing with a front portion and a rear portion, the front portion including an adapter sized to be placed over the eye of the patient. A lens is mounted within the housing, and a light source is provided within the housing to illuminate the eye. The rear portion of the housing is arranged to be mounted on a mobile device such that the lens is aligned with a camera associated with the mobile device for obtaining an image of the eye.

A retinal imager for imaging a retina of an eye includes an illumination source operable to generate illumination light and a beam splitter operable to receive the illumination light and direct the illumination light along an optical axis. The retinal imager also includes a field lens disposed along the optical axis and an objective lens disposed along the optical axis and operable to contact a cornea of the eye. An aerial image is formed adjacent to the field lens. The retinal imager further includes an image sensor and one or more lenses disposed along the optical axis between the beam splitter and the image sensor. The one or more lenses are operable to form a sensor image at the image sensor.

An optical imaging device includes a support structure and imaging channels, where each imaging channel includes a discrete optical imaging pathway. The imaging channels may be disposed within the support structure, and the imaging channels may be aimed at different angles relative to each other such that each optical imaging pathway is directed towards a pupil of the eye. Additionally, the optical imaging device may include a primary fixation target configured to emit optical signals along a primary fixation target projection path towards the pupil of the eye. Further, an artifact of the primary fixation target may be generated onto a portion of the eye to be imaged.

An optical measurement system: passes a probe light beam through a variable focal length lens to the retina of an eye, and returns light from the retina through the variable focal length lens to a wavefront sensor; adjusts the focal length of the variable focal length lens to provide a desired characteristic to at least one of: the probe light beam, and the light returned by the retina to the wavefront sensor; passes a calibration light through the variable focal length lens to the wavefront sensor while the variable focal length lens is at the adjusted focal length to ascertain the adjusted focal length; and makes a wavefront measurement of the eye from the light returned from the retina of the eye through the variable focal length lens to the wavefront sensor, and from the adjusted focal length ascertained from the calibration light received by the wavefront sensor.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for making a determination about an eye in ambient lighting conditions comprising detecting ambient light reflected out of an eye of a subject from a retina of the eye of the subject and making a determination about the eye of the subject based upon the reflected ambient light.

A system or method for measuring human ocular performance can be implemented using an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and an electronic circuit. The device is configured for measuring vestibulo-ocular reflex, pupillometry, saccades, visual pursuit tracking, vergence, eyelid closure, dynamic visual acuity, retinal image stability, foveal fixation stability, focused position of the eyes or visual fixation of the eyes at any given moment and nystagmus. The eye sensor comprises a video camera that senses vertical movement and horizontal movement of at least one eye. The head orientation sensor senses pitch and yaw in the range of frequencies between 0.01 Hertz and 15 Hertz. The system is implemented as part of an impact reduction helmet that comprises an inner frame having interior pads configured to rest against a person's head and one or more shock absorption elements attached between the inner frame and the spherical shell that couple the spherical shell to the inner frame. The spherical shell has a circular geometry, that when viewed horizontally at its horizontal midplane, includes a center point that is the rotational center of the spherical shell. The one or more shock absorption elements are sized to provide greater spacing between the inner frame and the spherical shell at the sides and rear of the spherical shell than at the front of the spherical shell. The one or more shock absorption elements are sized to configure the alignment of the rotational center of the spherical shell with the proximate rotational center of the wearer's head.