A method includes, based on respective signals acquired by a plurality of electrodes on an anatomical surface of a heart, computing respective local activation times (LATs) at respective locations of the electrodes. The method further includes, based on the LATs, computing respective directions of electrical propagation at the locations. The method further includes selecting pairs of adjacent ones of the electrodes such that, for each of the pairs, a vector joining the pair is aligned, to within a predefined threshold degree of alignment, with the direction of electrical propagation at the location of one of the electrodes belonging to the pair. The method further includes associating respective bipolar voltages measured by the pairs of electrodes with a digital model of the anatomical surface. Other examples are also described.

A method includes obtaining multiple local activation times (LATs) at different respective measurement locations on an anatomical surface of a heart. The method further includes computing respective directions of electrical propagation at one or more sampling locations on the anatomical surface, by, for each sampling location, selecting a respective subset of the measurement locations for the sampling location, constructing a set of vectors, each of at least some of the vectors including, for a different respective measurement location in the subset, three position values derived from respective position coordinates of the measurement location and an LAT value derived from the LAT at the measurement location, and computing the direction of electrical propagation at the sampling location based on a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of a 4×4 covariance matrix for the set of vectors. The method further includes indicating the directions of electrical propagation on a display.

A method, including receiving, from electrodes positioned within a heart, first signals from at least three of the electrodes indicating electrical activity in tissue with which the at least three of the electrodes engage, and second signals indicating locations of the at least three electrodes. The second signals are processed to compute the locations of the at least three electrodes and to determine a geometric center of the locations. Based on the signals, an electroanatomical map is generated for an area of the tissue including the geometric center, and an arrhythmia focus is determined in the map. A circle is presented, and within the circle, a region of the map is presented including the geometric center and the focus so that the geometric center on the map aligns with a center of the circle, the region within the circle indicating a spatial relationship between the geometric center and the focus.

A method, including receiving, from electrodes positioned within a heart, first signals from at least three of the electrodes indicating electrical activity in tissue with which the at least three of the electrodes engage, and second signals indicating locations of the at least three electrodes. The second signals are processed to compute the locations of the at least three electrodes and to determine a geometric center of the locations. Based on the signals, an electroanatomical map is generated for an area of the tissue including the geometric center, and an arrhythmia focus is determined in the map. A circle is presented, and within the circle, a region of the map is presented including the geometric center and the focus so that the geometric center on the map aligns with a center of the circle, the region within the circle indicating a spatial relationship between the geometric center and the focus.

A method includes receiving a plurality of data points including electrophysiological (EP) values measured at respective positions in at least a portion of an organ of a patient. Some of the EP values are classified as outlier values in accordance with a defined criterion. A visual representation of at least the portion of the organ is derived from the plurality of data points. The visual representation represents the EP values with respective colors, and visualizes less than all the outlier values, by performing one or both of (a) identifying outlier values that deviate from respective neighboring EP values by less than a defined deviation, and representing the outlier values using colors that match the neighboring EP values, and (b) setting for the visual representation a mapping, which maps the EP values to the colors and which excludes at least some of the outlier values.

A method includes receiving a plurality of data points including electrophysiological (EP) values measured at respective positions in at least a portion of an organ of a patient. Some of the EP values are classified as outlier values in accordance with a defined criterion. A visual representation of at least the portion of the organ is derived from the plurality of data points. The visual representation represents the EP values with respective colors, and visualizes less than all the outlier values, by performing one or both of (a) identifying outlier values that deviate from respective neighboring EP values by less than a defined deviation, and representing the outlier values using colors that match the neighboring EP values, and (b) setting for the visual representation a mapping, which maps the EP values to the colors and which excludes at least some of the outlier values.

The present invention concerns a Medical system tor mapping of action potential data comprising an elongated medical mapping device (1) suitable for intravascular insertion having an electrode assembly (80) located at a distal portion (3) of the mapping device (1), a data processing and control unit (15) for processing data received from the mapping device (1), the data processing and control unit including a model generator for visualizing a 3-dimensional heart model based on one of electrical navigation system, MRI or CT scan data of a heart, a data output unit (16) for displaying both the 3-dimensional heart model and the processed data of the mapping device (1) simultaneously in a single visualization, wherein the model generator is configured to structure 3D scan data of the heart into 6 directions (a, b, c, d, e or f) of a cube, each direction is associated with a separate Cartesian coordinate system with X.sup.(a, b, c, d, e or f), Y.sup.(a, b, c, d, e or f), Z.sup.(a, b, c, d, e or f) coordinates, wherein for assigning each 3D scan data point to one of the 6 directions (a, b, c, d, e or f) the following 6 true or false tests are applied: Formula (I), wherein max indicates the maximum leg length of the respective X, Y or Z axis and wherein mes indicates the measured value of a scanned data point, and wherein the data point is assigned to the direction (a, b, c, d, e or f) for which the test outcome is true.

Systems and methods are disclosed for linking a point-list to a three-dimensional anatomy of the heart. Techniques disclosed include recording a point-list, where each entry in the point-list comprises data elements, and is associated with a location in the heart and a measurement. The associated measurement is acquired by an electrode of a catheter that is placed at the associated location in the heart. Techniques disclosed further include selecting one or more anchor points associated with a region of interest in the heart, then, for each entry in the recorded point-list, computing a data element of distance between the entry's associated location in the heart and the selected one or more anchor points, and manipulating entries in the point-list based on their respective data elements.

A method for evaluation of electrical propagation in the heart includes receiving a pacing signal applied to a heart of a patient, the pacing signal including a sequence of normal and shorter, abnormal, pacing stimuli. A responsive cardiac signal is received, that is sensed by electrodes at a location in the heart and on the body surface of the patient. A model response is found and annotated from evoked potentials caused by the normal pacing stimuli. A correlation is made between the model response along the different signal sections to find and calculate a normal and decremental time delays between the pacing stimuli and respectively resulting evoked potentials at a tissue location. A time difference is calculated, between the normal time delay and the decremental time delay. An EP map of at least a portion of the heart is presented to a user, with a graphical indication of the time difference presented at the tissue location.

A method for evaluation of electrical propagation in the heart includes receiving a pacing signal applied to a heart of a patient, the pacing signal including a sequence of normal and shorter, abnormal, pacing stimuli. A responsive cardiac signal is received, that is sensed by electrodes at a location in the heart and on the body surface of the patient. A model response is found and annotated from evoked potentials caused by the normal pacing stimuli. A correlation is made between the model response along the different signal sections to find and calculate a normal and decremental time delays between the pacing stimuli and respectively resulting evoked potentials at a tissue location. A time difference is calculated, between the normal time delay and the decremental time delay. An EP map of at least a portion of the heart is presented to a user, with a graphical indication of the time difference presented at the tissue location.